Ch. 27-1: The Scramble for Africa Compare views on the policy of Imperialism Describe Western Imperialism in Africa

Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa Before 1880, Europe controlled less than 10% of Africa French, British, Dutch, Portuguese By 1900, European powers ruled all of Africa except Ethiopia and Liberia.

Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa The Berlin Conference Meeting held by French Jules Ferry and German Otto von Bismarck in 1884-85 that established colonial claims when “effective occupation” was reached. Prevented one European power from controlling the continent

Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa South African War (1898-1902) Cecil Rhodes had become Prime Minister of Cape Colony ; principal sponsor of the Cape-to-Cairo dream where Britain would dominate the continent. Diamonds and gold were discovered in the Transvaal and Rhodes wanted to extend his influence there but region controlled by Boers (descendents of Dutch settlers)

Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa South African War (1898-1902) Boers (Afrikaners) resisted British efforts by Cecil Rhodes to expand British control inland from Cape Colony

Causes of the New Imperialism Economic – tariff barriers limited imports, so nations looked for new markets. Military – bases and naval coaling stations. Nationalism – colonies important for national prestige and glory. Anglo-Saxon superiority – Social Darwinism Technological superiority – particularly the machine gun, quinine, telegraph and steamships. Reduce social domestic tensions - …to distract. Special interest groups – shippers, military men, settlers, missionaries all favored Imperialism. Missionary duty – Rudyard Kipling’s poem “The White Man’s Burden”

The White Man's Burden Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden-- In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain To seek another's profit, And work another's gain.