Nutrition & Digestion Test Review

Nutrients Substances needed for: Obtained from the food we eat Cell repair Cell growth Energy Obtained from the food we eat

Nutrients Proteins Carbohydrates Fats Vitamins Minerals Water

Protein Replacement of cells Growth Large molecules C, H, O, N, S Smaller molecules called Amino Acids Found in meats, eggs, beans

Carbohydrates Primary energy source Molecules of C, H, O Sugars ~ simple carbohydrates Starches ~ complex carbohydrates Fiber Not digested; provides bulk

Fats Also called lipids Provide energy / stores energy Absorb vitamins Make up cell membranes Oils at room T ~ usually unsaturated fats Solid at Room T – saturated fats High levels of cholesterol

Vitamins Organic (contain carbon) Growth Regulate body functions Prevent disease No food has all vitamins Water soluble Fat soluble Stored in body

Minerals Inorganic (no carbon) Regulate chemical reactions Build cells Found on the periodic table Regulate chemical reactions Build cells Conduct nerve impulses Carry oxygen

Water Nutrients carried in water Used in chemical reactions

Digestion Process the breaks down food into small molecules that can be used by the body Mechanical ~ chewing, mixing, churning Chemical ~ chemicals break down food

Digestive system Digestive tract Alimentary canal Organs used in digestion

Digestive system Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus

Digestive system Accessory organs ~ food does not pass through Liver Gall bladder Pancreas

Mouth Teeth Mechanical digestion ~ chewing Chemical digestion ~ amylase in saliva

Esophagus Peristalsis ~ muscular action that moves food Lined with mucus Epiglottis prevent food from going into trachea

Stomach Muscular bag Lined with folds Mechanical & chemical digestion Enzymes (help speed up chemical reactions) & digestive juices Chyme

Stomach

Small intestine 3 parts Most digestion occurs here Lined with villi Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Most digestion occurs here Lined with villi Projections that increase surface area

Small intestine

Large intestine Colon Absorbs water Forms feces Rectum ~ stores feces Maintains homeostasis ~ steady state Forms feces Rectum ~ stores feces Anus ~ strong round muscles (sphincter)

Large intestine

Accessory organs Produce and store digestive chemicals Food does not pass through these

Liver Makes bile Also: Detoxifies poisons Stores glycogen Synthesizes proteins

Liver

Gall bladder Muscular sac attached to the liver Stores bile.

Gall bladder

Pancreas Makes enzymes Also hormones

Pancreas