By Dr. Hayam Hebah Associate professor Al Maarefa college.

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By Dr. Hayam Hebah Associate professor Al Maarefa college. GIT examination By Dr. Hayam Hebah Associate professor Al Maarefa college.

History taking Personal history Complaint: main symptom (1 or max 2)+duration HPI. other systems involved Past history Social history and occupational history Family history Drug history

HPI: Upper GIT symptoms: dyspepsia- epigastric pain-nausea-vomiting- hematemesis-melena-appetite-heartburn-dysphagia-painful mouth lesions-halitosis Lower GIT symptoms: diarrhea-constipation-dysentry-flatulance- Others: jaundice-fever-urinary symptoms

GI alarm features: Any patient starting to c/o after being 50 years old. Persistent vomiting Dysphagia Fever Weight loss GI bleeding Anemia Painless, watery high volume diarrhea Nocturnal symptoms disturbing sleep

Urinary symptoms: Pain: loin pain – ureteral colic-dysuria- strangury- perineal and rectal pain- testicular pain in groin or lower abdomen. Storage symptoms: frequency-urgency-nocturia. Voiding symptoms: hesitancy Incontinence-dribbling after micturition Urine volume abnormalities: polyuria –oliguria -anuria- pneumaturia-hematuria-proteinuria

Examination General Local : -inspection - palpation: *superficial *deep *organs - percussion - auscultation. PR &PV

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