1. BOWEL AND URINE ELIMINATION
Part 1
Urine Elimination
Anuria
Dysuria
Enuresis
Frequency
Hesitancy
Incontinence
Nocturia

2. KEY TERMS (Urine) Anuria Dysuria Enuresis Frequency Hesitancy
Incontinence
Nocturia
Anuria
Dysuria
Enuresis
Hesitancy
Incontinence
Nocturia

3. Anatomy of the Urinary System
Kidneys
Bladder
Ureters
Urethra
Act of micturition
Kidneys
Bladder
Ureters
urethra

4. Physiology of the Urinary System
Function:
KIDNEYS
URETERS
BLADDER
URETHRA
ACT OF MICTURITION

5. Factors Influencing Urinary Elimination
Developmental Considerations
Food and Fluid
Life Style
Psychological Variables
Activity and Muscle Tone
Pathologic Conditions
Medications

6. Assessment Data (Urinary Elimination)
Subjective data
Objective data
Diagnostic data
Assess urinary elimination, using appropriate interview questions and physical assessment skills

7. URINE SPECIMENS (TYPES)
ROUTINE URINALYSIS
CLEAN CATCH MID-STREAM
TIMED
CATHETERIZED
GROUP ACTIVITY:

8. BOWEL ELIMINATION
Key Terms

9. KEY TERMS (BOWEL ELIMINATION)
BOWEL MOVEMENT (BM)
CONSTIPATION
DIARRHEA
ENEMA
FECES
FLATULENCE

10. BOWEL ELIMINATION (key terms con’t)
Flatus
Impaction (fecal)
Incontinence (fecal)
Occult blood
Peristalsis
Stool

11. Factors influencing bowel elimination (con’t)

12. ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF BOWEL ELIMINATION

13. Anatomy of bowel elimination
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
large intestine

14. Large Intestine: Function Innervation Peristalsis The normal urge
Defecation

15. Factors Influence Bowel Elimination
Usual patterns
Food/fluid intake
Activity level/muscle tone
Life-style
Psychological variables
Pathological conditions
Medications

16. Factors influencing bowel elimination (con’t)
Diagnostic tests
Surgery/anesthesia
Irritants
pain

17. Assessing bowel elimination need:
Subjective data
Objective data
Diagnostic studies
Radiographic studies
Diagnostic studies:
EGD
COLONOSCOPY
PROCTOSCOPE
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

18. CLIENT TEACHING NEEDS R/T BOWEL ELIMINATION
Use of cathartics, laxatives
Perceived constipation
Toilet training (rediness)
Need for enemas
Hygiene
Ostomies (ostomy care)
Bowel and bladder training

19. Nursing interventions to relieve flatulence
Diet
Activity
Rectal tube

20. Drugs affecting bowel elimination;
Absorbents
Anticholinergics and opiates
Antibiotics
Antidiarrheals
Nursing implications (General for all antidiarrheals)
Client teaching

21. Cathartics and laxatives:
Physiological action:
What’s the difference?
Physiological action: six groups at least