TOPIC: Plants Aim: Explain the process of photosynthesis. Do Now: Natural Selection #7 (in your Natural Selection reading notes) HW: Section labeled HOMEWORK at the end of today’s reading notes. Tropisms Reading Notes due Friday. CL Castle Learning due Wednesday, April 1st.

7. There are 3 types of polar bears: one with thick coats, one with thin coats and one with medium coats. It is fall, soon to be winter. The temperature is dropping rapidly and the bears must remain warm or they will freeze to death. Many of the bears have approximately 2 cubs (baby bears) each but due to extreme temperatures, many mothers only have 1 cub left. Identify the bears that natural selection selected AGAINST and support your answer. The bears with the thin coats were selected against because they cannot adapt to the cold temperature and, as a result, they die.

Survival of the fittest: 7. There are 3 types of polar bears: one with thick coats, one with thin coats and one with medium coats. It is fall, soon to be winter. The temperature is dropping rapidly and the bears must remain warm or they will freeze to death. Many of the bears have approximately 2 cubs (baby bears) each but due to extreme temperatures, many mothers only have 1 cub left. b. Identify the points of Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection below from the scenario above. Variation: Overproduction: Competition: Survival of the fittest: Bears with thin, medium and thick coats Bears have 2 cubs Cubs compete for resources (warmth) Bears with the thicker coat have the favorable adaptation because they can withstand the extreme temperatures. They survive, reproduce and pass on the trait to offspring.

c. Describe which bears would have greater population in the spring c. Describe which bears would have greater population in the spring. Support your answer. In the spring, the population of bears with thinner coats would be greater because they can adapt to the warmer weather. Bears with the thick fur may overheat and die.

What can cause extinction? Very little variation in a species major environmental change adaptation no longer favorable all organisms die = extinction What can cause extinction?

Contrast autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.

1. Identify the meaning of the prefix photo-. LIGHT 1. Identify the meaning of the prefix photo-.

2. Identify the meaning of the suffix synthesis. Putting things together 2. Identify the meaning of the suffix synthesis.

3. Describe what occurs during the process of photosynthesis. Plant takes water from the soil and CO2 from the air and combines them using energy from sunlight. Light energy is converted to chemical energy 3. Describe what occurs during the process of photosynthesis.

4. Identify the cell organelle where photosynthesis occurs. Chloroplasts 4. Identify the cell organelle where photosynthesis occurs.

5. Explain the function of chlorophyll. Green pigment Interacts with sunlight to split H2O and CO2 ABSORBS SUNLIGHT

Some of the best sources of chlorophyll I’ve found are in raw: bell peppers, broccoli, brussel sprouts, green cabbage, celery, collard greens, kale, parsley, romaine lettuce, spinach, swiss chard, and turnip greens

A B F C E D

6. Identify the raw materials for photosynthesis. H2O and CO2

7. How does CO2 enter the plant? Small holes in leaves Stomata

8. Identify the source of energy that is needed for photosynthesis. Sunlight

9. Identify the products of photosynthesis. C6H12O6 and O6

10. Explain the importance of glucose. Used to produce energy Stored as starch

11. Explain the importance of oxygen. Used to cellular respiration

Equation for photosynthesis light Carbon + dioxide water glucose + oxygen + water Chlorophyll (food) CO2 H2O (wastes) C6H12O6 H2O O2

1. Describe what a pigment is. Substance that reflects a part of the visible spectrum and absorbs the rest.

2. Explain why a plant looks green. Green light is reflected. The rest of the visible light is absorbed.

Red and blue 3. Identify the colors of the visible spectrum that are most effective for photosynthesis.

4. State 4 differences between photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.

H2O and CO2 are raw materials PHOTOSYNTHESIS AEROBIC RESPIRATION Energy is stored. Energy is released. H2O and CO2 are raw materials C6H12O6 and O2 are raw materials C6H12O6 and O2 are products H2O and CO2 are products Takes place in chloroplasts Takes place in mitochondria

Carbon dioxide B A Oxygen C ATP

Let’s review… Identify the raw materials of photosynthesis. Identify the cell organelle where photosynthesis occur. Identify the life process that the glucose produced used for. Describe one difference between photosynthesis and cell respiration.

Identify the common ancestor. Identify the species that have become extinct. Why did these species become extinct?

Fossil records indicate that between 80 and 60 million years ago the structure of the horned dinosaur underwent rapid changes separated by long periods of stability. This pattern of change best illustrates the concept of use and disuse (2) punctuated equilibrium (3) gradualism (4) enzyme specificity

Which concept is not a part of the theory of evolution? (1) Present-day species developed from earlier species. (2) Some species die out when environmental changes occur. (3) Complex organisms develop from simple organisms over time. (4) Change occurs according to the needs of an individual organism to survive.

Oxygen Carbon dioxide Sunlight Water Glucose Review: Identify whether the substance is a raw material, product or source of energy. Oxygen Carbon dioxide Sunlight Water Glucose

Green plants make food by the process of photosynthesis respiration excretion digestion

The gas released during photosynthesis is oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogen carbon monoxide

The basic food material produced by green plants is fat glucose proteins minerals

The substance is green plants that captures the sun’s light energy is chlorophyll mesophyll phloem cuticle

During photosynthesis, molecules of carbon dioxide and water are changed into oxygen and carbon dioxide glucose and water glucose and chlorophyll oxygen and glucose

Which of the following materials is not needed for photosynthesis? sunlight chlorophyll water oxygen

A process in which glucose is broken down to release energy is called diffusion respiration photosynthesis osmosis

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen carbon dioxide light chlorophyll

One substance that is generated from aerobic respiration is ATP protein glucose oxygen

Respiration occurs in chloroplasts nuclei mitochondria ribosomes