Section 1: Natural Environments Section 2: History and Culture CHAPTER 23 East Africa Section 1: Natural Environments Section 2: History and Culture Section 3: The Region Today

Question: What landforms, rivers and lakes are found in East Africa? SECTION 1 Natural Environments Question: What landforms, rivers and lakes are found in East Africa?

Natural Environments SECTION 1 Lakes Rivers Landforms • Lake Malawi (tectonic) • Lake Tanganyika (tectonic) • Lake Victoria (depression on plateau) • Lake Albert (depression on plateau) • Lake Turkana (tectonic) Rivers Landforms • Blue Nile (flows from Ethiopian highlands) • White Nile (flows from Lake Victoria) • Nile (combined flows of Blue and White Nile) • Great Rift Valley (tectonic) • Kilimanjaro (volcanic) • Ethiopian highlands (volcanic) • Sudd (water from White Nile)

What physical process created the rift valleys of East Africa? Tectonic processes caused the land to lift and crack rift valley elongated depression, trough, or graben in the earth's crust, bounded on both sides by normal faults and occurring on the continents or under the oceans.

SECTION 2 History and Culture Question: Who are the important peoples in East Africa’s early history?

Early History of East Africa SECTION 2 History and Culture Early History of East Africa • no written histories • oral tradition Earliest Peoples • controlled much of the Nile • capital at Meroë, world’s largest cluster of pyramids Kush • conquered the Kush • controlled western Arabia • adopted Christianity Aksum • sailed along coast, established ports for trade • Swahili developed from trade Arabs

Kingdom of Kush controlled much of the Nile capital at Meroë, world’s largest cluster of pyramids

Aksum kingdom conquered the Kush • controlled western Arabia adopted Christianity

Arabs Conquered Arabs sailed along coast, established ports for trade Swahili developed from trade Cash crops start being cultivated and sold at these ports. Ex: coffee, cotton and sisal (strong durable plant-used to make rope)

Early History of East Africa SECTION 2 History and Culture Early History of East Africa • no written histories • oral tradition Earliest Peoples • controlled much of the Nile • capital at Meroë, world’s largest cluster of pyramids Kush • conquered the Kush • controlled western Arabia • adopted Christianity Aksum • sailed along coast, established ports for trade • Swahili developed from trade Arabs

Question: What are the region’s largest cities? The Region Today SECTION 3 The Region Today Question: What are the region’s largest cities?

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Headquarters of regional organizations

Nairobi, Kenya Region’s most important commercial center

Dar es Salaam, Tanzania vital seaport, transportation hub

Khartoum and Omdurman, Sudan largest cities in Sudan, face each other across Nile

The Region Today SECTION 3 City Description Addis Ababa, Ethiopia largest city and capital of Ethiopia, headquarters of regional organizations Nairobi, Kenya region’s most important commercial center Dar es Salaam, Tanzania vital seaport, transportation hub Khartoum and Omdurman, Sudan largest cities in Sudan, face each other across Nile

Chapter Wrap-Up CHAPTER 23 How does elevation affect climate in East Africa? Higher elevation will allow for cool, humid air. 2. What are two ways that Arab traders influenced East African languages and religion? Arab traders traded along the ports and the African language Swahili grammar came about. The Swahili language is a mix of African and Arabic languages. Islam was spread throughout the region Turn to pg 522-525 in your book to answer question 3-5.

Think!!!!! 3. How have other cultures changed the traditional religions and diet of East Africa 4. What activities form the basis of the region’s economy? 5. Why does tourism hold great economic potential 6. Why are some of East Africa’s countries unstable.? 7. What is the population like in East African countries?