Unit 9: The Civil War & Reconstruction - Reconstruction pt. 3

Bell Ringer: What jobs do you think are avaliable after the Civil War? What are the now freed blacks going to do? -Think about the condiditon of the South, it’s destroyed and businesses are gone…

Reconstruction in the South Majority of the South’s land is owned by a few (10%) of the population only 2 main jobs that poor blacks and whites can have sharecropping tenant farming

Reconstruction in the South „Sharecropping: work the land and harvest crops; give 2\3 of crop to land owner (rent) and freedman keeps 1\3 told what crops to grow by landowner bought all supplies from the land owner’s store on credit end of season the 2/3rds crops given to landowner should help cover rent and supplies but NEVER DOES never ending cycle of debt, which means the sharecropper cannot leave

Reconstruction in the South Tenant Farming this was renting the land from someone more independent arrangement for both farmer and landowner paid cash rent to landowner and then was free to choose and manage his own crop allowed to live where ever you wanted

Reconstruction in the South Public Schools in the South Reconstruction led to creation of tax-supported public school system in South **one of few successes of Reconst.** South wants it segregated (separation of races) Radical Republicans wanted integration (white and black students go to school together)

Reconstruction in the South Rise of the Ku Klux Klan many couldn’t handle equality in the south they had been taught since birth that blacks were inferior some turned to terrorism (KKK) used violence to deny African Americans their new rights (ex: voting) began as a way to drive out Union troops and regain control of South https://youtu.be/5VzKRI7JbVk

Reconstruction in the South Enforcement Acts (1870 & 1871) aka the KKK Acts made it a federal crime to interfere with elections federal marshals supervise elections outlawed KKK activities

Reconstruction in the South Election of 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes: Republican Samuel J. Tilden: Democrat no majority in electoral college 20 electoral votes in dispute in FL, LA, SC, and OR Tilden won the popular vote Dems in South used violence and fraud to win many votes

Reconstruction in the South Election of 1876 „Who decides? Committee was setup to determine the president with members from the Senate, H.O.R., and Supreme Court justices 8 Rep. And 7 Dem. „A deal (compromise) was struck between the Democrats and Republicans „

Reconstruction in the South Compromise of 1877 Hayes becomes President (Republican) troops taken out of the south Democrat in Hayes’ cabinet $$$ for southern internal improvements this ends Reconstruction

“A Truce--Not A Compromise” by Thomas Nast, Feb. 17th, 1877

Reconstruction in the South With the Southerners back in power they began restricting the rights of African Americans Jim Crow laws: separate but equal

Types of Disenfranchisement Stopping the black vote „Literacy tests: had to pass a literacy exam to vote created by southern states hard questions/oral exams Democrats got easier questions „Poll Tax: had to pay a tax to vote only a few dollars change times to collect and price

Types of Disenfranchisement „Poor whites were also affected by the poll tax and literacy exam Grandfather clause allowed whites to vote if your grandfather could vote before the Civil War, then you could vote even if you couldn’t pay the poll tax or pass the literacy exam

Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 Plessy was a black man who sued because he was denied a seat on a train reserved for whites. He said black and white train cars were not equal. Supreme Court said it was equal. Separate but equal (segregation) is legal Things were not equal

Resistance to Reconstruction Workseet Read the different types of resistance to Reconstruction Sharcropping KKK Jim Crow Voting Tricks Then on the last sheet, answers the questions based on each type of resistance. Define what it is? How did it limit freedom and opportunities for black Americans?