1. Reconstruction
Chapter 16 (Part II)

2. Reconstruction in the South

3. Reconstruction Governments
During Reconstruction more than 600 African Americans won elections for political office
Hiram Revels became the first African American in the U.S. Senate

4. Reconstruction governments created many new programs
The first state funded schools in the South
New:
Hospitals,
Prisons and
Orphanages

5. These were all intended to help the southern economy to recover
Constructed:
Railroads,
Bridges, and
Public buildings
These were all intended to help the southern economy to recover

6. Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is a secret society opposed to civil rights
Use violence and terror against African Americans
Wear robes and masks to hide their identities
Local governments didn’t try to stop them

7. Reconstruction Ends

8. The General Amnesty Act of 1872 allowed former Confederates to hold public office

9. Election of 1876
Republicans ran Rutherford B. Hays as their candidate for office
Democrats nominated Samuel Tilden
The election was close and it seemed Tilden had won however the electoral votes were challenged in four states

10. Congress and the Supreme Court had to settle the issue
All disputed votes went to Hayes

11. Democrats agreed to accept Hayes’ victory if
All remaining federal troops were removed from the South,
Funding was given for the improvement of the South and
A southern Democrat was appointed to the president’s cabinet

12. In the South a poll tax was established to prevent African Americans from voting
Poll Tax – a special tax people had to pay before they could vote

13. African Americans also had to pass a literacy test before they could vote
There was also a grandfather clause that stated if your father or grandfather voted before 1867 you didn’t have to pay a poll tax or pass a literacy test (almost all whites could vote without restriction)

14. Segregation was also introduced
Segregation – the forced separation of whites and African Americans in public places

15. Jim Crow laws were laws that enforced segregation in the southern states

16. Plessy v. Ferguson
Homer Plessy – an African American refused to leave the whites-only train car and was arrested for breaking segregation laws

17. Plessy sued the railroad company because it violated equal treatment protected under the 14th Amendment

18. The Supreme Court heard the case and ruled that segregation was allowed because “separate but equal” facilities were provided

19. Many African Americans remained on plantations and became sharecroppers
Sharecropper – shared their crops with the owner of the land

20. Landowners provided the:
Tools and
Supplies
In return the sharecroppers provided the labor

21. Most sharecroppers were always in debt because they never made enough money to buy the goods and clothes they needed

22. Rebuilding Southern Industry
The most successful industry in the South was textiles
African Americans were not allowed to work in factories,
But there were many small farming families that did

23. Entire families worked in cotton mills
(including women and children)
Work days were 12 hrs/day, 6 days/week
Many people acquired lung diseases, injuries or died