What is a pest? An organism that has a harmful effect on the plant. Objective 2: Identify Pests What is a pest? An organism that has a harmful effect on the plant.

Common Types of Pests Insects Weeds Fungus Bacteria Rodents Objective 2: Identify Pests Common Types of Pests Insects Managed with insecticides Weeds Managed with herbicides Fungus Managed with fungicides Bacteria Managed with bactericides Rodents Managed with rodenticides

Insect Pests Managed with an Herbicide

Aphid Symptom: Curled Leaves, “Honey Dew” Objective 2: Identify Pests Aphid Symptom: Curled Leaves, “Honey Dew” Control: Spray with Water, Lady Bugs, Lacewings Prevention: Dormant Oil http://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/insects/find/aphids-on-deciduous-trees-and-shrubs/

Borer Symptom: Holes in mature wood of trees Objective 2: Identify Pests Borer Symptom: Holes in mature wood of trees Control: Spray with insecticide before larva emerges. Prevention is best control Prevention: Reduce tree stress- Proper Nutrition http://utahpests.usu.edu/uppdl/images/uploads/Cerambycidae%20Small%20Poplar%20Borer%20Larvae%20Gyorgy%20Csoka%20Hungary%20Forest%20Research%20Institute%20Bugwood.jpg

Scale Symptom: Small hard shells, coverings on branches Control: Insecticide-Dinotefuran, Lady Beetles Prevention: Dormant Oil, Pruning, http://utahpests.usu.edu/uppdl/images/uploads/Diaspididae%20Black%20Pineleaf%20Scale%20Whiteney%20Cranshaw%20Colorado%20State%20University%20Bugwood.jpg

Thrips Symptom: Yellow & black specks Control: Insecticides, Hunter Thrips Prevention: Spray plants off, Reduce Stress, Mulch http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/noni/thrips.asp http://utahpests.usu.edu/uppdl/images/uploads/Thysanoptera%20Onion%20Thrips%20Alton%20N%20Sparks%20Jr%20Univeristy%20of%20Georgia%20Bugwood.jpg

Spider Mite Symptom: Scorching of leaves, white dusty areas Objective 2: Identify Pests Spider Mite Symptom: Scorching of leaves, white dusty areas Control: Predator Mites, Lady Beetles *Most insecticides kill natural predators Prevention: Selective use of pesticides http://utahpests.usu.edu/ipm/htm/advisories/landscape/articleID=8200

White Fly Symptom: Waxy areas, “honey-dew,” black mold Objective 2: Identify Pests White Fly Symptom: Waxy areas, “honey-dew,” black mold Control: Sticky traps, Lady-bugs, Lacewings Prevention: Systemic insecticides http://idtools.org/id/citrus/pests/factsheet.php?name=Citrus%20whitefly

White Grub Symptom: Brown patches in lawn Objective 2: Identify Pests White Grub Symptom: Brown patches in lawn Control: Parasitic nematodes, Insecticide- June 15th Prevention: Insecticides https://happyturf.com/services/grub-control.php http://utahpests.usu.edu/htm/utah-pests-news/winter2010/turfgrass-pests/

Weed Pests Types Can be managed with an Herbicide Objective 2: Identify Pests Weed Pests Can be managed with an Herbicide Types Pre-Emergent: Prevent seeds from germinating Broad spectrum: Variety of plants Selective : Narrow range of plants Contact - Kill plant tissue at or near the point of contact Require even coverage in application. Systemic - these move through the plant tissues via vascular bundles

Objective 2: Identify Pests 1. Puncher Weed Control: Remove adult plants to prevent future seedlings

2. Large Crabgrass Control: Herbicide before to seed setting Objective 2: Identify Pests 2. Large Crabgrass Control: Herbicide before to seed setting

3. Quackgrass Control: Herbicides, Pre-Emergents Objective 2: Identify Pests 3. Quackgrass Control: Herbicides, Pre-Emergents

4. Green Foxtail Control: Pre-Emergents, Herbicides Objective 2: Identify Pests 4. Green Foxtail Control: Pre-Emergents, Herbicides

5. Bull Thistle Control: Pre-Emergent, Herbicide Objective 2: Identify Pests 5. Bull Thistle Control: Pre-Emergent, Herbicide

Fungi Pests Can be killed/managed with a fungicide Objective 2: Identify Pests Fungi Pests Can be killed/managed with a fungicide

1. Necrotic Ring Spot Symptoms: Dead circles Control: Very Difficult! Objective 2: Identify Pests 1. Necrotic Ring Spot Symptoms: Dead circles Control: Very Difficult! Aeration, preventive fungicides, shortly mowed

Objective 2: Identify Pests 2. Powdery Mildew Symptoms: White powder on leaves, especially in shady areas. Control: Preventive fungicides, Resistant varieties Water in morning

3. Fire Blight Symptoms: Oozing cankers Objective 2: Identify Pests 3. Fire Blight Symptoms: Oozing cankers Control: Removing contaminated growth. Sterilize between cuts!

Rodent Pests Can be managed with a rodenticide or traps Objective 2: Identify Pests Rodent Pests Can be managed with a rodenticide or traps

Voles Objective 2: Identify Pests Burrow through lawns- especially during winter months Feed on roots and stems of plants

Gopher Objective 2: Identify Pests Feeds on roots of plants & burrows into the ground

Infectious vs. Non-infectious Diseases Objective 2: Identify Pests Infectious vs. Non-infectious Diseases Infectious plant diseases can be transferred to surrounding plants Example: Fire Blight When treating plants with infectious diseases be sure to sterilize equipment between each cut to prevent spreading. Non-infectious are not transferred to surrounding plants