Zachary Ahmad-Kahloon, Aimee Lamoureux, Marisa Stephens Classical Era Zachary Ahmad-Kahloon, Aimee Lamoureux, Marisa Stephens

Dates 500 BCE – 500 CE New or enlarged urban-based and state- based societies emerged to replace the first civilizations.

Summary 3 Major Religions founded Judaism Buddhism Christianity 500-221 BCE – Age of Warring State (Japan) 470-322 BCE – Hellenistic Philosophy Plato, Socrates, Aristotle Roman Empire 509 BCE – 476 CE (High Point 200 BCE – 200 CE)

Summary Cont Ashoka – Made Buddhism a state religion of India 260 BCE 380 CE – Christianity became state religion of Rome (Constantine) 300 CE- Beginning of Trans- Saharan Trade 500 CE – Banana arrived in Africa 336 – 323 BCE Reign of Alexander the Great

Characteristics Introductions of Monotheistic Religion Global trade networks Cultural spread along trade routes Transition from civilizations to empires Continuance of Patriarchal societies

Examples in Americas Isolated from outside influences Nazca Culture (200 BCE-500 CE) Writing Religions Gods Sacrifices Ceremonial Centers Engineering/Technology Teotihuacan

Africa Rise of City and States Spread of modern religions Axum Meroe Niger River Civilization Spread of modern religions Christianity into Axum Active in global trade routes Indian Ocean trade routes

Europe Roman Empire (509 BCE – 476 CE) Birth of Philosophy -- Greece Christianity into the Mainstream Huge technological advancements Engineering advancements Huge empire Birth of Philosophy -- Greece Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Birth of Athenian Democracy

Middle East Three Major Dynasties Beginning of Islam Zoroastrianism Achaemenid Dynasty (553-330 BCE) Parthinian Dynasty (247 BCE – 224 CE) Sassanid Dynasty (224-651 CE Beginning of Islam Muhammad born 570 CE Zoroastrianism Monotheism preceding Judaism Judaism Shortly After

Asia Shi Huangdi Zhou and Han Dynasties Ashoka the Great First emperor of China Started construction on the Great Wall Zhou and Han Dynasties Two major Chinese classical dynasties Ashoka the Great Brought Buddhism to India and made major state religion Buddha (Buddhism) Lived 563-483 BCE Started major Indian and Chinese religion

Oceana Hunting and Gathering main source of food Small migrations to the islands (Small populations)

Important Terms Muhammad- founder of Islam born in 570 CE Augustus Caesar- First emperor of Rome Shi Huangdi- First emperor of China Ashoka the Great- Leader of India, brought Buddhism to India. Jesus Christ- known as founder of Christianity Confucius- founded Confucianism Buddha- Founded Buddhism

3 Important People

Terms 2 Buddhism- Major religion focuses on four noble truths, suffering, the cause of suffering, the cessation of suffering, and the eightfold path to the cessation of suffering Caste System- social class system in India, No moving throughout classes. Christianity- Monotheistic religion, based on the teachings of Jesus. Preached equality. Easy conversion

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Terms 3 Alexander the Great- King of Macedonia established largest empire in the world Zhou Dynasty- 1029 to 258 B.C.E. Han Dynasty The Han Dynasty perfected the bureaucracy. Confucianism was promoted throughout China. It was not a religion. Ancient Rome- Kingdom -> Republic -> Empire (509 BCE – 476 CE) Ancient Greece- Birth of Philosophy and Democracy

Terms 4 Daoism- Legalism- Latin Language- In 6th century B.C., a philosopher named Laozi created Daoism. Driven to be one with Dao, or one with the "way". Legalism- Classical Chinese philosphy established during the Qin dynasty, emphasized the need for order above all other concerns. Latin Language- main language in and around the Mediterranean area for a large majority of the Classical period

Daoism

Terms 5 Philosophy- Great Wall of China Great impact on classical Greece and Rome, captivating the curious population. Possibly most influential were Aristotle, Cicero, Socrates, and Plato. Great Wall of China Built over 2,000 years ago by the first emperor of China, Shi Huangdi during the Qin Dynasty. Guard against outside invasions and to protect his expansionist drives.

Great Wall

Compare and Contrast Americas: Socially still switching to empires. Ex. Mayan and Incan civilizations. Politically more simple governmental systems. Ruled by hereditary line. Economically trade networks were not as extensive. Gender Roles: still primarily patriarchal, men had most of the power in society. Religion: Polytheistic belief system with many gods and goddesses.

Compare and Contrast Europe: Socially much more stratified. Advanced thought was born. (Philosophy) Politically Rome was an advanced empire, complex governmental system. It started with a kingdom then went to a republic then entered an empire. Economically European societies traded vastly with Asian countries. The Mediterranean was a huge trading network. Gender: While still a patriarchal, women had much more opportunities. Could be educated to a degree but could not hold governmental power. Religion- Complex monotheism and eventually adopted Christianity under Constantine.