Establishing Rapport with Mexican American Men Rogelio Serrano, MFT Pepperdine University

October 11, Socialization of Macho Men How does culture endorse the demonstration of hypermasculine behaviors in men? How does culture endorse the demonstration of hypermasculine behaviors in men? William Pollack (2006) found that (non-clinical) middle class white adolescents reported increasing level of depression, frustration, and confusion about masculinity as they got closer to adulthood. William Pollack (2006) found that (non-clinical) middle class white adolescents reported increasing level of depression, frustration, and confusion about masculinity as they got closer to adulthood. Can a macho man engage in therapy and change? Can a macho man engage in therapy and change? One study found that group therapy combined with psychoeducational training for teen Mexican-American fathers in the juvenile justice system improved their commitment towards fatherhood and engagement with their children (Parra-Cardona, Wampler, & Sharp, 2006). One study found that group therapy combined with psychoeducational training for teen Mexican-American fathers in the juvenile justice system improved their commitment towards fatherhood and engagement with their children (Parra-Cardona, Wampler, & Sharp, 2006).

October 11, Considerations for Interview Process Explore psychological concepts of illness, dysfunction, healing and treatment Explore psychological concepts of illness, dysfunction, healing and treatment In a survey of 148 Mexican-American men in the southwest, only 10% endorsed stereotypical views of the macho man (Torres, et al, 2002). In a survey of 148 Mexican-American men in the southwest, only 10% endorsed stereotypical views of the macho man (Torres, et al, 2002). Research finds that some Mexican-American men demonstrate both positive (caballerismo) and negative (macho) attributes of gender based behaviors (Arciniega, et al, 2008). Research finds that some Mexican-American men demonstrate both positive (caballerismo) and negative (macho) attributes of gender based behaviors (Arciniega, et al, 2008). Mirande (1997) found that over half (52%) of Latino men in his survey viewed macho as a negative construct. Mirande (1997) found that over half (52%) of Latino men in his survey viewed macho as a negative construct. Kanel (2002) surveyed 265 Latino men from various socioeconomic and age levels found that only 18% wanted to discuss early childhood issues if receiving mental health services. The majority of the sample (66%) would rather focus on family issues, parenting, or marriage problems. Kanel (2002) surveyed 265 Latino men from various socioeconomic and age levels found that only 18% wanted to discuss early childhood issues if receiving mental health services. The majority of the sample (66%) would rather focus on family issues, parenting, or marriage problems.

October 11, Framework For Establishing Rapport Person Impact of Social Class Use of Language Gender/ Role Conflicts Power of the Therapeutic Relationship Immigration and Cultural Clash Definitions of Family/ Social Role (Taylor, Gambourg, Rivera, & Laureano, 2006)

October 11, Assessment of Mexican American Men Determine etiology of health-seeking behaviors (current and previous). Determine etiology of health-seeking behaviors (current and previous). Previous medical services, current medical problems, cultural healing practices Previous medical services, current medical problems, cultural healing practices Typical pattern of seeking therapy for Immigrant Latinos: 1) immediate/extended family 2) social network 3) community (Cabassa, 2007) Typical pattern of seeking therapy for Immigrant Latinos: 1) immediate/extended family 2) social network 3) community (Cabassa, 2007) Discuss areas of life that are threatened by current presenting problems Discuss areas of life that are threatened by current presenting problems Gender roles, peer group, educational, romantic Gender roles, peer group, educational, romantic Mexican-American men appear to seek health care when illness impacts role fulfillment (Sobralske, 2006). Mexican-American men appear to seek health care when illness impacts role fulfillment (Sobralske, 2006).

October 11, Assessment of Mexican American Men (continued) Discuss migration patterns and the level to which they impact current problems. Discuss migration patterns and the level to which they impact current problems. Include immigration impact of family and friends Include immigration impact of family and friends Evaluate developmental (physical & psychological) transitions. Evaluate developmental (physical & psychological) transitions. What external sources are connected to this problem? What external sources are connected to this problem? Legal, educational, social, familial, communal, cultural, spiritual Legal, educational, social, familial, communal, cultural, spiritual Negotiate plan for addressing issues and explore ramifications of engaging in therapeutic process. Negotiate plan for addressing issues and explore ramifications of engaging in therapeutic process.

October 11, Macho Attributes Aggressive Aggressive Violent Violent Domineering Domineering Sexualized Sexualized Misogynistic Misogynistic Sexist Sexist Chauvinistic Chauvinistic Impulsive Impulsive Substance abusing Substance abusing Abusive Abusive Domineering Domineering Intimidating Intimidating Responsible Responsible Humble Humble Honest Honest Courageous Courageous Loves Children Loves Children Nurturing Nurturing Proud Proud Romantic Romantic Sensitive Sensitive Egalitarian Egalitarian Respectful Respectful Valiant Valiant

October 11, Tigres Del Norte Mi Sangre Prisonera (Valencia, E. 1998) I felt my heart exploding into a thousand pieces. I opened my arms to try and hug him. I saw him so beautiful playing on my lap. I felt the tears beginning to betray me. Behind the bars he looked at me with love. He was no longer a boy, he was a full fledged criminal. I lost my life wrapped up in my business. My allies were the insanity and ambition. I didnt make time to play with him a little bit or cultivate his heart with love. They educated him for me in the streets little by little. They gave him back to me with a prison degree. How I would love to turn him back fifteen years and be able to tumble his cell. How it hurts to see my blood imprisoned like a animal walking in a cage. In my soul I feel the accusations from his mother. He is not guilty, I am the criminal! Where has my little boy gone? When he asked for love I did not open my heart. I never took him to school. Little did I coddle him in my arms. I didnt even give him a hug on the day of his graduation. I made money my god and the son I love so much I turned into a convict in prison. Of what use was the money! I ended up a beggar suffering with passion for my son. How I would love to turn him back fifteen years and be able to tumble his cell. How it hurts to see my blood imprisoned like a animal walking in a cage. In my soul I feel the accusations from his mother. He is not guilty, I am the criminal!

October 11, 20089References Arciniega, M.G., Anderson, T.C., Tovar-Blank, Z.G., & Tracey, T.J.G. (2008). Toward a fuller conception of Machismo: Development of a traditional machismo and caballerismo scale. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 55(1), Arciniega, M.G., Anderson, T.C., Tovar-Blank, Z.G., & Tracey, T.J.G. (2008). Toward a fuller conception of Machismo: Development of a traditional machismo and caballerismo scale. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 55(1), Cabassa, L.J. (2007). Latino mens perceptions of depression and attitudes toward help seeking. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 29 (4), Cabassa, L.J. (2007). Latino mens perceptions of depression and attitudes toward help seeking. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 29 (4), Kanel, K. (2002). Mental health needs of Spanish speaking Latinos in southern California. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 24 (1), Kanel, K. (2002). Mental health needs of Spanish speaking Latinos in southern California. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 24 (1), Mirande, A. (1997). Hombres y machos: Masculinity and Latino culture. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Mirande, A. (1997). Hombres y machos: Masculinity and Latino culture. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

October 11, References (cont.) Pollack, W. (2006). The war for boys: Hearing real boys voices, healing their pain. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 37(2), Pollack, W. (2006). The war for boys: Hearing real boys voices, healing their pain. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 37(2), Sobralske, M.C. (2006) Health care seeking among Mexican American men. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 17(2), Sobralske, M.C. (2006) Health care seeking among Mexican American men. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 17(2), Taylor B.A., Gambourg M.B., Rivera, M., & Laureano, D. (2006). Constructing cultural competence: Perspectives of family therapists working with Latino families. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 34, Taylor B.A., Gambourg M.B., Rivera, M., & Laureano, D. (2006). Constructing cultural competence: Perspectives of family therapists working with Latino families. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 34, Torres, J.B., Solberg, V.S.H., & Carlstrom, A.H. (2002). The myth of sameness among Latino men and their machismo. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 72(2), Torres, J.B., Solberg, V.S.H., & Carlstrom, A.H. (2002). The myth of sameness among Latino men and their machismo. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 72(2),