1 Improvements of regional emissions for air quality modelling Proposed in Eastern Canada Regional Border strategy by NEG/ECP Environment committee G. Vigeant, M. Benjamin, G. Morneau (EC-QR) H. Durocher (MENV)

2 Development of an improved database for air quality model applications over Eastern North America Improvement of biogenic emission calculation with improved description of landuse over Eastern Canada Improvement of biogenic emission calculation with improved description of landuse over Eastern Canada Calculation of mobile emissions at high resolution in the Montreal area with MOBILE6.2C and available traffic data Calculation of mobile emissions at high resolution in the Montreal area with MOBILE6.2C and available traffic data

3 The BELD3 dataset Vegetation type and landuse at 1-km resolution Vegetation type and landuse at 1-km resolution Covers North America up to 60-65°N Covers North America up to 60-65°N General broad categories (19) from remote sensing (USGS) such as: General broad categories (19) from remote sensing (USGS) such as: Urban, crop, water Urban, crop, water Deciduous, mixed and conifer forest Deciduous, mixed and conifer forest Additional information for the United States Additional information for the United States U.S. Agricultural Census for 1992 (17 crop types) U.S. Agricultural Census for 1992 (17 crop types) U.S. Forest Service Inventory and Analysis dataset (194 tree species) U.S. Forest Service Inventory and Analysis dataset (194 tree species) Improvement of biogenic emissions

4 Number of vegetation categories Improvement of biogenic emissions

5 Methodology ( ) 2001 Canadian agricultural census 2001 Canadian agricultural census Inventory of 36 types of crops Inventory of 36 types of crops Census consolidated subdivisions to map to AQ model grid (using GIS) (resolution km) Census consolidated subdivisions to map to AQ model grid (using GIS) (resolution km) Merge this step with NH 3 emissions surrogate project? Merge this step with NH 3 emissions surrogate project? Assign 36 types of crops to 11 BELD 3 categories Assign 36 types of crops to 11 BELD 3 categories Combine census to BELD3 (1 km) to refine spatial allocation? Combine census to BELD3 (1 km) to refine spatial allocation? 2000 Canadian Forest inventory 2000 Canadian Forest inventory Comprehensive set of tree species and genus Comprehensive set of tree species and genus Spatial resolution is about 10 x 10 km 2 Spatial resolution is about 10 x 10 km 2 Forest polygons to map to model grid (using GIS) Forest polygons to map to model grid (using GIS) Might need to convert volume of wood to area Might need to convert volume of wood to area Combine inventory to BELD3 (1 km) to refine spatial allocation? Combine inventory to BELD3 (1 km) to refine spatial allocation? Improvement of biogenic emissions

6 Agricultural Census subdivisions 450 km 190 km Improvement of biogenic emissions

7 Next steps Quality control of the inventory data Quality control of the inventory data Evaluation of the emission rates obtained with beis2 and beis3 on new data Evaluation of the emission rates obtained with beis2 and beis3 on new data Evaluation of AQ model outputs Evaluation of AQ model outputs New emissions, VGBELD3, CEPS1 New emissions, VGBELD3, CEPS1 Merge with other datasets Merge with other datasets AQMAG-SMOKE, PNR, PYR AQMAG-SMOKE, PNR, PYR

8 CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE Objective Conceive a procedure to estimate the emissions of Criteria Air Contaminants from mobile on-road sources in a metropolitan area at high resolution. These emissions are to be used as input to air quality numerical models. Project team: Environment Canada Ministère des Transports du Québec (MTQ) André Babin Centre de Recherche sur les Transports (CRT) Mike Florian Yolanda Noriega Anne-Sophie Pépin CRT EC MTQ

9 CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE Benefits: Improve air quality model outputs: Forecast Decision making for better control scenarios and CWS achievement Improve our knowledge of the contribution of on-road vehicles emissions on air quality and population exposure in urban areas Improve our knowledge of airborne contaminants and their transformation from a local scale to regional scale Models can be used in the planning of road infrastructures of urbanized areas CRT EC MTQ

10 CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE Software modules CRT EC MTQ Grille (CRT) Graphical interface to: Ingest input parameters needed by MOBILE6.2C Call MOBILE6.2C and convert the output to a format readable by EMME/2. Enif (INRO) Graphical interface used to output EMME/2 solutions in several forms EMME/2 (Équilibre Multimodal, Multimodal Equilibrium) (CRT and INRO) This module computes an equilibrium solution between the demand (Origin-Destination) and the supply (road network). The outputs are for each link of the road network: Average speed Number of vehicles of each class MOBILE6.2C(Environment Canada based on MOBILE6.2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)) Estimate emission rates of air pollutants VOC, CO, NO x, SO 2, PM 2.5, toxics and CO 2, for 28 classes of vehicles.

11 CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE Data flow diagram CRT EC MTQ Grille MOBILE 6.2C EMME/2 Enif Begin End Time and date Meteorological variables Fuel properties MOBILE6.2C Input file Emission rates per speed class per vehicle class Formatted emission rates Emissions of CAC on links and vertex Gridded emissions of CAC on the fine grid MTQ and CRT Road network O-D survey Counts

12 CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE CRT EC MTQ Emission rates as a function of speed for 4 classes of vehicles

13 CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE CRT EC MTQ Travel demand Represented in EMME/2 by Origin-Destination matrices. Générée Attirée

14 CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE CRT EC MTQ Traffic count Used to calibrate the simulated traffic flow and interpolate diurnal, weekly and seasonal cycles.

15 CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE CRT EC MTQ Output of EMME/2: Traffic flow

16 CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE CRT EC MTQ Output of Enif: Emission rates on the fine (1 km) grid Plus grandes valeurs vers Plus petites valeurs

17 CALCUL DES ÉMISSIONS MOBILES SUR GRILLE FINE CRT EC MTQ Next steps ( ) Procedures to generate graphical as well as numerical outputs of the emission rates of criteria air contaminants from mobile sources Design a more general procedure that can be applied to other Canadian cities already using EMME/2 (11 cities) Transfer to Environnement Canada Chemical speciation of VOC and NO x for ADOM mechanism Evaluation of the results