16.1 – Genetic Variation in Bacteria

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Presentation transcript:

16.1 – Genetic Variation in Bacteria

Learning objectives Students should understand the following: DNA is the genetic material in bacteria as well as in most other organisms. Mutations are changes in DNA and result in different characteristics. DNA may also be transferred during conjugation. This is horizontal gene transmission.

Diversity DNA is the means by which genetic information is passed from generation to generation. Diversity in organisms arises because of changes to its DNA. These changes occur in 2 ways Mutation Recombining DNA (sexual reproduction)

Bacteria One of the most diverse and adaptable groups of organisms. Bacteria increase their diversity by changing their DNA in a similar way to other organisms : Mutation Conjugation (not strictly sexual reproduction)

Mutations Mutations are changes in DNA that result in different characteristics. Mutations arise in many ways: One or more bases may be added, deleted or replaced during replication. Different protein produced Change in amino acid sequence Change in base sequence Proteins are responsible for the characteristic of an organism, therefore changes in DNA are likely to result in changes to the characteristics of an organism.

Conjugation Plasmid donor replicates Replicated plasmid moves through conjugation tube Conjugation occurs when one bacterial cell transfers DNA to another bacterial cell. This can occur between species. This is known as horizontal gene transmission. Vertical gene transmission is when genes are passed on from one generation of a species to the next generation of the same species.

Task Read p219 – 220 Application and How science works Discovering conjugation in bacteria Answer questions 1-4

Learning objectives Students should understand the following: DNA is the genetic material in bacteria as well as in most other organisms. Mutations are changes in DNA and result in different characteristics. DNA may also be transferred during conjugation. This is horizontal gene transmission.