1. Ch. 24 Warm-Up
What was Frederick Griffith’s contribution to our understanding of DNA? (Refer back to Ch. 16)
How do bacteria replicate?

2. Lab 6A Warm-Up What are plasmids?
What gene(s) are on the plasmid being used in this lab?
How can we know if cells have been successfully transformed in this lab?

3. Bacteria
Chapter 24.3

4. What you need to know:
The key ways in which prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes with respect to genome, membrane-bound organelles, size, and reproduction.
How horizontal acquisition of genetic information occurs in prokaryotes via transformation, conjugation, and transduction.
How these mechanisms, plus mutation, contribute to genetic diversity in prokaryotes.

5. Genetic Diversity in Prokaryotes
Factors:
Rapid reproduction (binary fission)
Mutations – errors in replication
Genetic recombination

6. Genetic Recombination in Bacteria
Transformation: uptake of foreign DNA from surroundings
Transduction: viruses transfer genes between prokaryotes
Conjugation: DNA transferred from one to another

7. Transformation Uptake of foreign DNA from surroundings
Observed by Griffith (bacteria & mice)

8. Plasmids Small ring of DNA that carries a few genes
Replicates separately from bacterial chromosome
Can carry genes for antibiotic resistance (R plasmids)
Used frequently in genetic engineering for gene cloning

9. Using plasmids and bacteria in genetic engineering

10. Gene Cloning

11. AP Bio Lab 8 - Transformation

12. Transduction
Viruses (bacteriophages) carry bacterial genes from one host cell to another
Recombine DNA of donor and recipient cell

13. Conjugation One cell donates DNA to another
Donors cell extends a sex pilus (“mating bridge”) through which DNA is transferred
Requires the presence of a piece of DNA called the F factor to produce the pilus

14. Conjugation and transfer of F plasmid