Ch 10 Heat pgs. 357 - 386.

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Presentation transcript:

Ch 10 Heat pgs. 357 - 386

Phase Change Calorimetry only works when substances do not change phase Phase change – the physical change of a substance from one state to another at constant pressure

Phase Change Phase changes involve potential energy between particles The farther apart the particles are, the more potential energy is present

Phase Change Bonds can be broken by particles moving far away from each other Bonds can be formed by particles moving closer together Decreasing the Potential Energy by moving from high potential energy (large separation) to low potential energy (small separation) will Increase the Kinetic Energy

Heat of Fusion (Lf) Units of J/kg Energy required to melt a substance goes into rearranging the molecules Heat of Fusion – the energy per unit of mass transferred to change a substance from liquid to solid or solid to liquid at constant temperature and pressure

Heat of Fusion (Lf)

Heat of Vaporization (Lv) Units of J/kg Energy required to vaporize a substance mostly goes into separating the molecules Heat of Vaporization – the energy per unit of mass transferred to change a substance from liquid to vapor or vapor to liquid at constant temperature and pressure

Heat of Vaporization (Lv)

Latent Heat (L) More energy is required to vaporize a mass of substance than to melt it Heat of Vaporization is greater than Heat of fusion Latent Heat – energy per unit mass that is transferred during a phase change of a substance (both heat of vaporization and heat of fusion)

Latent Heat (L) Units of J/kg

Controlling Heat Thermal Conduction – energy is transferred as heat between objects through contact Thermal Conductors – substances that rapidly transfer heat Thermal Insulators – substances that slowly transfer heat

Controlling Heat Convection – transfer of heat through the displacement of cold matter by hot matter Involves pressure differences, conduction and buoyancy Electromagnetic Radiation – reducing internal energy by radiating electromagnetic radiation Does NOT involve matter

Clothing and Climate Cold Climates Without proper insulation, the body will try to reach equilibrium with its surroundings Hypothermia – lower pulse, blood pressure, respiration Insulating materials retain energy for cold climates

Clothing and Climate Hot Climates Evaporation aids energy transfer in hot climates Heat exhaustion or heat stroke will result if the body’s temperature becomes too high

How much energy is removed when 10 How much energy is removed when 10.0 g of water is cooled from steam at 133.0°C to liquid at 53.0°C?

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