The Periodic Table of Elements

Elements Science has come a long way since Aristotle’s theory of Air, Water, Fire, and Earth. Scientists have identified 92 Natural elements, and created about 28 others.

Periodic Table A great deal of information about an element can be gathered from its position on the period table. Understanding the organization and plan of the periodic table will help you obtain basic information about each of the 118 known elements.

Periodic Table

Metals

Properties of Metals Metals appear to the left of the dark ziz-zag line on the periodic table. Most metals are solid at room temperature.

Properties of Metals Metals have luster. Luster describes the ability of a metal to reflect light. This means they are shiny

Properties of Metals Conductors Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat (thermal energy). Gold, Aluminum, Copper, and Silver

Properties of Metals Ductility The ability of a substance to be pulled into thin wires.

Properties of Metals Malleability The ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into sheets.

Properties of Metals Metals have a high melting point. They are also very dense.

Metallic Properties

Summary Metals have Luster Conductivity (electrical and thermal) Ductility Malleability In general the DENSITY, STRENGTH, BOILING POINT, AND MELTING POINT of a metal are greater than those of other elements. Except for MERCURY, all metals are solid at room temperature.

Nonmetals

Properties of Nonmetals Nonmetals occur to the right of the dark zig-zag on the periodic table. Hydrogen is the exception. Many nonmetals are gases at room temperature (COLOR RED)

Nonmetals 96% of the mass of your body comes from just four elements Phosphorus and Sulfur also nonmetals

Nonmetals Nonmetals are elements that have no metallic properties Therefore, they are dull, not ductile or malleable, and are bad conductors of electricity and thermal energy Many are gases at room temperature

Properties of Nonmetals Those that are solid at room temperature do not have luster. Therefore, they are dull.

Properties of Nonmetals They are poor conductors of heat and electricity. This means that they are good INSULATORS: A material or an object that does not easily allow heat, electricity, light, or sound to pass through it. (snow cones made of carbon)

Properties of Nonmetals Brittle Nonmetals are brittle so they break easily. This means nonmetals ARE NOT ductile or malleable.

Properties of Nonmetals Nonmetals have a low density.

Summary * May be solids, liquids or gases Those that are solids are brittle (diamond is the hardest) *Do not have: Luster (dull) Malleability Ductility Conductivity * Have low melting points

Metalloids

Properties of Metalloids Metalloids can be found clustered around the dark zig-zag line that separates metals and nonmetals.

Properties of Metalloids Metalloids (metal-like) have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Properties of Metalloids Metalloids are solids that can be shiny or dull.

Properties of Metalloids Metalloids that are solid are malleable and ductile

Properties of Metalloids They conduct electricity and heat better than nonmetals but not as well as metals. Semiconductors: Conducts electricity at high temperatures, but not at low temperatures. SILICON is the most abundant metalloid in the universe.