Chemical Reactions and Cell Processes Cellular Respiration Chemical Reactions and Cell Processes http://eol.plymouth.k12.in.us/lincoln/biology/text/ebook/products/0-13-115516-4/video/vaaerobi.mov Mitochondrion

Structure of a mitochondrion Matrix (fluid inside inner membrane) outer membrane Intermembrane space inner membrane

Respiration Cellular respiration is the process that converts oxygen and sugar (glucose) into water, carbon dioxide, and energy (ATP).

Respiration Equation: 6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP) carbon dioxide water oxygen sugar (glucose) energy

Respiration Equation: 6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP) carbon dioxide water oxygen sugar (glucose) energy Reactants Products

What organisms’ cells go through respiration? All eukaryotes (animals, plants, fungi, and protista)

Steps of Cellular Respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) 3. Electron Transport Chain

Glucose (6-carbons) broken into 2 pyruvic acids (3-carbons) Step 1: Glycolysis Glyco = glucose (sugar) Lysis = split or break up Occurs in cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell Glucose (6-carbons) broken into 2 pyruvic acids (3-carbons)

Glucose (6-carbons) broken into 2 pyruvic acids (3-carbons) Step 1: Glycolysis Glucose (6 carbons) 2 pyruvic acids (3 carbons) Glucose (6-carbons) broken into 2 pyruvic acids (3-carbons)

Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm

Step 2: Kreb’s Cycle AKA (Citric Acid Cycle) Occurs in matrix 1. 1 carbon from pyruvic acid used to make carbon dioxide 2. The other 2 carbons from pyruvic acid used to make citric acid 3. 2 other carbons from citric acid leave to form 2 more carbon dioxides Citric acid then becomes a 4-carbon molecule to start the process again

Step 2: Kreb’s Cycle + + pyruvic acid Carbon dioxide Citric Acid (3 carbons) + + Carbon dioxide Citric Acid = oxygen = carbon

Step 3: Electron Transport Chain e- from NADH go to electron carrier e- travel through ETC and force H+ into intermembrane space e- reaches last electron carrier and combines H+ and O2 to make H2O Intermembrane space is hypertonic so H+ travel through ATP synthase to matrix ATP synthase joins ADP and Phosphate to create ATP

Step 3: Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Glycolysis Electrons carried in NADH Pyruvic acid Cytoplasm in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Glycolysis Cytoplasm Mitochondrion