Making Peace Chapter 11.4.

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Presentation transcript:

Making Peace Chapter 11.4

Focus Question What factors influenced the peace treaties that ended WWI? How did people react to the treaties?

Costs of War Physical (people) Cost: Millions of Soldiers lost their lives 1919 there was a deadly pandemic known as the Spanish Flu. It killed approx. 20 million people globally in a matter of a few months.

Costs of war Financial Cost: Cities, towns, roads, farms across Europe were destroyed and now had to be rebuilt. Allies blamed conflict on defeated Central Powers and force them to pay heavy reparations for the war.

Costs of war Political Turmoil: Gov’t in Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Empire Collapse Radicals push for extreme change Colonial troops returned home and renewed hopes for independence.

Paris Peace Conference Conflicting Goals: USA (Wilson) urged for “peace without victory.” Based on the Fourteen Points. British and French wanted to weaken Germany so it could not threaten them again.

Paris Peace Conference Problems with Peace: Italy requested that lands secretly promised be given Some ethnic groups become unwanted minorities in newly created nations Creating League of Nations for security

Treaty of Versailles June 1919 Allies ordered Germany to sign the Treaty Germany had to accept full blame for war Had to pay heavy reparations-30 billion (over 2.7 trillion today).

Treaty of Versailles Limited size of military Stripped of lands Alsace and Lorraine Colonies overseas Some lands in East Germany The treaty poisoned international relations and made it ripe for WWII.

Outcome of Peace Settlements Self-determination: Other Central Power nations had to sign treaties too, left many unhappy Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia got independence Yugoslavia, Austria, and Hungary were new republics that emerged

Outcome of Peace Settlements Mandate System: African, Asian, and the Pacific hoped for an end to imperialism, but were wrong Mandates were put in place to run colonies belonging to defeated nations, and were to last until nation could support itself (last longer).

Outcome of Peace Settlements League of Nations: 40 nations joined. Agreed to negotiate instead of fight US Senate fell short of needed votes to ratify. US not joining severely weakened it.