TRIVIA MACHINE

TRIVIA ROUND 1 MACHINE

No! All organisms require energy! Do all organisms require sunlight to carry out life processes? If not, what do all organisms require? No! All organisms require energy! 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Can animals that eat only other animals and no plants still use carbs for energy? You bet! 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

What molecule is the source of energy for chemical reactions in cells? ATP 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

What is a biochemical pathway? Series of linked reactions; products of one are used as reactants in the next 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

NO… phosphate groups are all negatively charged and repel one another Is ATP a stable molecule? NO… phosphate groups are all negatively charged and repel one another 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

What type of pigment is the major light-absorbing pigment in plants? chlorophyll 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Heterotrophs – consume organic compounds; animals, fungi Differentiate autotrophs and hetertrophs. Give an example of each. Autotrophs – use sun/inorganic compounds to produce organic compounds; plants Heterotrophs – consume organic compounds; animals, fungi 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

It reflects green light Why is chlorophyll green? It reflects green light 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Almost all organisms depend on it directly or indirectly for energy. Why is the sun considered the ultimate energy source for life on Earth? Almost all organisms depend on it directly or indirectly for energy. 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

What is the role of chlorophyll? To absorb light 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Describe the structure of a chloroplast. It’s surrounded by two membranes; has a system of membranes inside called thylakoids; stacks of thylakoids = grana; fluid around grana = stroma 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

It can be reflected, transmitted, or absorbed. What can happen when light strikes an object? It can be reflected, transmitted, or absorbed. 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

No… only some wavelengths are absorbed. Do plant pigments absorb all wavelengths of light? No… only some wavelengths are absorbed. 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

TRIVIA ROUND 2 MACHINE

A cluster of 100s of pigment molecules and proteins What is a photosystem? A cluster of 100s of pigment molecules and proteins 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

They’re embedded in the thylakoid membrane. Where are photosystems located? They’re embedded in the thylakoid membrane. 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

It’s either absorbed or reflected. What happens to light when it hits plant pigments? It’s either absorbed or reflected. 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Why is NADP+ important in photosynthesis? It’s needed to make NADPH for the Calvin cycle. It can provide protons and electrons for reactions in the form of H. 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Plant cells use light to make what energy storage molecules? ATP and NADPH 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

What happens to electrons of chlorophyll a molecules when they are raised to a higher energy level? They go to the P.E.A. 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

What happens to chlorophyll a molecules when they absorb light energy? They lose electrons. 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Photolysis (water splitting) What is the source of the oxygen produced in photosynthesis? Photolysis (water splitting) 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Providing energy for phosphorylation What is chemiosmosis responsible for? Providing energy for phosphorylation 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

What is the phosphorylation reaction that occurs? ADP + PO4- → ATP 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

What three things does the proton gradient in the light reaction depend upon? Photolysis H+ being pumped into the thylakoid Structure of chloroplasts (thylakoid membrane is semi-permeable) 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

What product from the light reaction provides the energy for the Calvin cycle? What product shuttles p+ and e-? ATP; NADPH 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Lose energy (return to original state) as they move along ETC What happens to the electrons at the thylakoid membrane in terms of energy? Lose energy (return to original state) as they move along ETC 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Where do the replacement electrons come from for PS I? PS II 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Photolysis (splitting of water) Where do the replacement electrons come from for PS II? Photolysis (splitting of water) 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Trace the pathway of electrons from PS II. PS II → PEA → ETC → PS I 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

PS I → PEA → ETC → stroma → combine with NADP+ and H+ to form NADPH Trace the pathway of electrons from PS I. PS I → PEA → ETC → stroma → combine with NADP+ and H+ to form NADPH 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Where do the light reactions occur? In the thylakoids 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

TRIVIA ROUND 3 MACHINE

Carbon fixation, carbon reshuffling, and regeneration What are our names for the three phases of the Calvin cycle? Carbon fixation, carbon reshuffling, and regeneration 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

What is removed from ATP to release energy? a PO4- group 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

How many total ATP molecules are needed in the Calvin cycle if 3 CO2 molecules are used? 9 (6 needed in reshuffling phase and 3 needed in the regeneration phase) 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Where does the energy that drives the Calvin cycle come from? Light reactions: ATP and NADPH - which provides e- 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

It doe not require light! What molecules does the Calvin cycle require? Does the cycle require light? Requires: ATP for energy , NADPH for protons and electrons, and CO2 for a carbon source It doe not require light! 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Where does the Calvin cycle occur? In the stroma 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

What’s another name for PGAL? G3P 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

If 3 CO2 molecules enter the Calvin cycle, how many PGALs are made If 3 CO2 molecules enter the Calvin cycle, how many PGALs are made? How many PGALs remain in the cycle and are converted back into RuBP? 6 are made; 5 remain 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Glucose; but also lipids and amino acids to build proteins What products can be produced from the PGAL that leaves the Calvin cycle? Glucose; but also lipids and amino acids to build proteins 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

To make PGAL; used in carbon reshuffling Why is NADPH needed in the Calvin cycle? In which phase is it used? To make PGAL; used in carbon reshuffling 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

CO2 from the air, H from NADPH and RuBP During the Calvin cycle, what are the carbon-containing molecules produced from? CO2 from the air, H from NADPH and RuBP 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

PGAL has 3 carbons therefore 2 are needed to make a 6 carbon glucose How many carbon atoms does PGAL have? How many PGALs then are needed to make 1 glucose? PGAL has 3 carbons therefore 2 are needed to make a 6 carbon glucose 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Remain in the cycle for regeneration phase; resulting molecule is RuBP Only 1 PGAL leaves the Calvin cycle. What happens to the others? What molecule results? Remain in the cycle for regeneration phase; resulting molecule is RuBP 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

TRIVIA ROUND 4 MACHINE

They use less water than C3 plants. How does the amount of water used by C4 and CAM plants compare to the amount used by C3 plants? They use less water than C3 plants. 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

When do CAM plants have their stomata open When do CAM plants have their stomata open? How does this compare to C3 and C4 plants? CAM stomata are open at night while C3 and C4 stomata open during the day. 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Does the light reaction depend upon light? Does the Calvin cycle? Yes! No! 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

What is the final overall product that plants make in photosynthesis? Glucose (from PGAL) 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Yes – these products are made in the light reactions! Do plants need light to carry out the reactions that generate ATP and NADPH? Yes – these products are made in the light reactions! 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

CO2 levels; temperature; light intensity What does the rate of photosynthesis depend upon? CO2 levels; temperature; light intensity 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

Define photosynthesis. A biochemical pathway that converts light energy into organic compounds 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? 6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

What can the carbon atoms in all organic molecules be traced back to? CO2 from the atmosphere 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

In which stage of photosynthesis are carbohydrates produced? Calvin cycle 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER

What major byproduct of photosynthesis is released into the atmosphere? oxygen 0 6 0 5 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 3 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 5 1 4 1 2 0 9 1 3 1 1 2 0 TIMER