Section 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England World History Chapter 20 Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America Section 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England State Standard 6.12.2

Key Vocabulary Revolution: England, America, France, Latin America Habeas Corpus Cabinet Prime Minister Limited Constitutional Monarchy State Standard 6.12.2

The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution Restoration – the reign of Charles II, when the English monarchy was restored. Charles continued Cromwell’s bold commercial policies, which eventually led to another series of conflicts with the Dutch. Charles sought to increase toleration for Catholicism but his attempts were met with strong opposition and he was forced to abandon the effort. State Standard 6.12.2

Political Parties Develop Two political parties arise: Tories and Whigs Tories usually supported the Anglican church. The name Whig generally meant a group that was rebellious. State Standard 6.12.2

The Glorious Revolution When Charles II died, his brother came to the throne as James II. Both the Whigs and Tories asked James II to step down. Parliament gave the crown of England to William III and Mary II as joint rulers. Glorious Revolution – a bloodless transfer of power in the English monarchy. State Standard 6.12.2

Changes in English Government Thomas Hobbes was disturbed by the chaos that the English civil war created. Hobbes explained that the first people on Earth lived in anarchy. To avoid the resulting violence and danger, Hobbes said, people chose a leader to rule them as an absolute ruler. He believed that people acted from self-interest and without regard for the rights or welfare of others. John Locke differed with Hobbes and believed in having a social contract Locke believed that the contract between ruler and ruled could not limit the individual’s natural right to enjoy life, political equality, and the ownership of property. State Standard 6.12.2

John Locke Close Reading of “Second Treatise on Government” Read your assigned Chapter Circle unfamiliar Words and Define in Margins Identify Claims from your Chapter and highlight/write in margins the overall meaning of each claim Write a summary of your chapter in a few sentences Share with the class State Standard 6.12.2

Habeas Corpus Act and Declaration of Rights Parliament passed laws attempting to safeguard against arbitrary rule. Habeas Corpus – In 1679; protected individuals against unfair arrest and imprisonment. English Bill of Rights – it declared that Parliament would choose who ruled the country. The Bill of Rights also protected private citizens. Petition government, unfair high bail or cruel and unusual punishment State Standard 6.12.2

Toleration Act and Act of Settlement In 1689 Parliament passed the Toleration Act. It granted some religious freedoms to Dissenters, Protestants who were not members of the Anglican Church. In 1701 Parliament passed the Act of Settlement to keep Catholics from the English throne. State Standard 6.12.2

Growing Power of Parliament The Bill of Rights and Act of Settlement marked a turning point in the history of England. By 1700 England was still a monarchy, but Parliament held most of the power. Parliament did not represent most of the people of England. Two of the most important government institutions to develop between about 1690 and 1740 were the cabinet and the office of prime minister. State Standard 6.12.2

Growing Power of Parliament William III chose officers who were often heads of government departments. They became known as the cabinet. William III chose cabinet members that were from the majority party in Parliament. State Standard 6.12.2

Act of Union In 1707 the parliaments of England and Scotland passed the Act of Union. This law united England and Scotland into one kingdom, known as Great Britain. Many in Scotland opposed the union. Sir Robert Walpole became Great Britain’s first effective prime minister – or first minister. State Standard 6.12.2

Constitutional Monarchy From 1721 to 1742 the Whigs controlled the House of Commons. The nation had become a limited constitutional monarchy – Royal powers were clearly limited by the British constitution. The British constitution is not a single document. Instead it consists partly of several documents: Magna Carta, The Petition of Rights, The Habeas Corpus Act, The Bill of Rights, and The Act of Settlement. State Standard 6.12.2