November 1, 2018 University High APUSH

Jackson supporters highlighted his ‘war hero’ image Election of 1828 Jackson’s platform: Individual liberty, states’ rights, and limited government No other specifics Jackson supporters highlighted his ‘war hero’ image Both candidates’ character slandered Jackson won 178-83 High turnout (57%) Universal white male voting

Evolution of Political Parties Martin Van Buren: “First American campaign manager” for the Democrats Expanding political participation Political machines Political culture: Whig/Democrat newspapers Conventions, parades, etc. Spoils system

Whigs Democrats Bankers, businessmen, large plantation owners Supported government involvement in the economy United by support of the American System Strongest in the Northeast Notable leaders: Henry Clay, Daniel Webster Farmers, artisans, laborers Concerned with widening wealth gap Opposed government involvement in the economy Strongest in lower Northwest and southern backcountry Held the support of many slaveholders (states’ rights) Notable leaders: Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren

Nullification Period 4

Nullification Crisis: Reasons South Carolina: Highest proportion slaves (55%), small landed elite have power Worried about slavery John C. Calhoun (Jackson’s VP), was a political leader in South Carolina Borrowed language from Jefferson’s Kentucky Resolution Nullification: the concept that states can “nullify”, or void laws that they believe are unconstitutional

Nullification Question Do you believe nullification on the part of states should be allowed? Why or why not?

Nullification Showdown 1832: New tariff (actually a smaller one than previously enacted) South Carolina Nullified the tax Jackson: Force Bill, authorizing the use of military to enforce laws Clay, with Calhoun creates new, lower tariff Avoids military conflict New Whig leadership trio: Clay, Calhoun, Webster

Indian Removal

Five “Civilized Tribes” Indian Removal Act of 1830 Provided funds for moving Indians from the southeast to modern-day Oklahoma Five “Civilized Tribes” Including Cherokee (2nd largest today) and Seminole nations Population of 60,000 to be “removed”

Supreme Court and the Indians 2 supreme court cases: Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia Questions: What were the background facts of the case? What was the primary effect of the decision? What does this case indicate about the relationship between the U.S. government and American Indian tribes during this time period?