Overview of 1750 – 1914 The birth of the Modern Age Your Textbook, Strayer, Chapters Ch 17 - 20 Bulliet Textbook: Chapters 21 - 27 Why 1750? Why 1914?

Change is due to: Industrialization, or Enlightenment ideas - Liberalism and Republicanism, or Imperialism, or Nationalism On-going Theme of this Era: 1. The West is seeking to dominate non-Western lands. 2. Non-Western governments and groups are reacting to Western dominance in two ways: a. Embracing The West by modernizing following a western model, or b. Resisting and revolting against Western interference

The West: Western Europe and the U.S. after 1860’s Big Trend 1750 - 1914 Hegemony (control) of others by the West, Japan and Russia W Russia W W Japan W W The West: Western Europe and the U.S. after 1860’s

Big Picture 1750 - 1914 The world became dominated by The West, core nations. Nations unable to industrialize became periphery nations. International commerce and Imperialism was made easier by the use of steamships, railroads and telegraphs. Industrialization led to social changes in population trends, new social classes and migration, as well as urbanization and environmental problems. Enlightenment led to the spread of liberalism, republicanism and democracy and the British parliamentary system. Inequality led to new economic theories and reform movements, like the abolition of slavery and serfdom. Indentured servitude, the system that uses indenture servants as laborers, return.

2. Industrial Revolution led to: Age of Revolutions 1. Enlightenment Enlightenment ideas led to: American Revolution 1775 French Revolution 1789 Haitian Revolution 1791 Latin American Revolutions 1810 2. Industrial Revolution led to: urbanization new social classes new economic theories imperialism

Enlightenment ideas In favor of: Against: constitutional governments Absolutism/despotism/tyranny Representative assemblies Religious uniformity/intolerance religious toleration Power of the Catholic Church Individual rights Privileges of the aristocracy Use of reason to reform society mercantilism Republicanism Universal male suffrage Popular sovereignty/democracy Capitalism/laissez-faire

Revolutions on both sides of the Atlantic American Revolution - from British colonies to an independent republic. French Revolution - from absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy to a republic Haitian Revolution - from French colony to an independent republic AND the abolition of slavery Latin American Revolutions - from being part of the Spanish empire to independent republics

Independence of the Americas Simon Bolivar Venezuelan leader of the Latin American revolutions. Jose de San Martin Argentinian leader who helped lead the Latin American revolutions.

Regionalism Regionalism was only a temporary problem in North America as the Union was able to keep the Confederate States from seceding in the U.S. Civil War Regionalism was a permanent problem for Latin America as Simon Bolivar’s dream did not come true and regional interests resulted in the division and creation of several countries after the wars of independence.

Industrialization The process begins in England in the 1750s Spreads throughout Europe in the 1850s, especially Germany Spreads throughout the U.S., after the 1860s Attempted in Russia during the 1860s Begins in Japan after 1868 Attempted in Egypt in 1830s Brought to Latin America, Africa and India by The West

Industrialization and Industrial capitalism leads to… Imperialism Why? In search of raw materials To secure new markets Creates: A new global economy New global trading patterns New migration patterns

Winners and Losers: Britain France Germany The Netherlands Belgium States that industrialize by 1900s and go on to become imperialist powers: Regions/states that fail to industrialize and fall under control of an imperialist power by 1900s: Britain France Germany The Netherlands Belgium Italy U.S. Japan Russia??? East Asia: China under Qing The Middle East under Ottoman Empire South Asia: India under Mughal Dynasty Southeast Asia The entire continent of Africa Latin America & the Caribbean

Imperialism

Growing competition and rivalry between powerful European states due to: MAIN militarism alliance system imperialism nationalism led to World War I (WWI)