Teachers: Noelia Fernández Sara Pascual U.2 EARTH

THE ATMOSPHERE The layers of the atmosphere The composition of the atmosphere

THE LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE The TOP layer has little oxygen. It protect us from harmful rays of the Sun. We live in the BOTTOM layer. It has air and rainwater. Earth has a very special characteristic: AIR. Air is the mixture of gases thanks to which living things can breath. The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth.

THE COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE Different gases make up the air in the atmosphere. They have weight and take up space. NITROGEN is the most abundant. OXYGEN is the gas we need to breath. Air has other gases like CARBON DIOXIDE and WATER VAPOUR.

2. THE HYDROSPHERE Water on our planet The water cycle

Liquid water Gaseous water Solid water Lakes, oceans, seas… Clouds Snow or ice The water in the hydrosphere exists in three different states. WATER ON OUR PLANET

THE WATER CYCLE 1 EVAPORATION Heat from the Sun turns the water in oceans into water vapour. 5 TRANSPORTATION Rivers and other streams transport water back to the oceans. 3 PRECIPITATION The clouds release water back to Earth as rain, snow or hail. 2 CONDENSATION When the water vapor goes up, it gets cold and form the clouds. 4 INFILTRATION Some water goes into the ground.

3. TAKING CARE OF THE ENVIRONMENT How to take care of the atmosphere How can we take care of water

HOW TO TAKE CARE OF THE ATMOSPHERE When we heat hour houses, travel by car or use the fridge, we produce gases that pollute the air. To reduce air pollution we can do many things: Take public transport and walk or use the bike. Reduce the use of aerosols. Look after the trees. Switch-off all the lights and other machines when not required.

HOW WE CAN TAKE CARE OF WATER We use water for many activities: At home In farming In industry… The only water we can use is fresh water, but it is a limited resource.

WATER TREATMENT PROCESS

1 The water we get from the TAP is drinking water that is safe to drink. 4 TREATED WATER can only be used for irrigation or industrial processes. 2 The dirty water we use goes down the DRAIN. 3 This water goes to a TREATMENT PLANT where it is cleaned.

HOW WE CAN TAKE CARE OF WATER We can use water wisely in many ways: Taking shorter showers. Running dishwashers and washing machines when they are full. Turning off the tap when brushing your teeht or washing your hands…

THE THREE Rs REUSE RECYCLE

4. THE GEOSPHERE The parts of the geosphere The continents

THE GEOSPHERE It has three parts. CORE It’s the inner layer. The temperatures here are very high. CRUST It’s the outer layer. It’s shaped into many dufferent landforms: Mountains Hills Deserts Ocean floor… MANTLE It’s the middle layer. The lava from volcanoes comes from here.

THE CONTINENTS They are part of Earth’s crust. Earth has six continents. They are separated by seas and oceans. Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Antarctic Ocean

5. REPRESENTING EARTH Globes: 3 dimensions Maps: 2 dimensions

A globe represents Earth. EARTH’S TITLE AXIS NORTHERN HEMISPHERE EARTH’S POLES EQUATOR SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE PARALELS MERIDIANS GLOBES: 3 DIMENSIONS A globe represents Earth.

MAPS: 2 DIMENSIONS A map includes: LEYEND It explains what the symbols on the map mean COMPASS ROSE ILLUSTRATIONS

CLASSIFICATION OF MAPS PHYSICAL MAP It shows: Mountains Lakes Oceans Seas Rivers Deserts… POLITICAL MAP It shows how a territory is divided, for exmaple, into countries or provinces.

The Sun always sets in this point. 6. GETTING AROUND THE PLANET Cardinal points NORTH WEST The Sun always sets in this point. EAST The Sun always rises in this point. SOUTH

QUESTIONS

Carbon dioxide and Water Vapour Oxygen Carbon dioxide and Water Vapour Nitrogen Label the pie chart with the words given.

Complete the table with examples of these types of water. LIQUID WATER GASEOUS WATER SOLID WATER

Order the Water Cycle Process. Precipitation Transport Evaporation Infiltration Condensation

Explain which means of transport help to stop air pollution

What does this sign mean? Explain your answer

the water treatment process in order. Treatment plant Drain Treated water Tap Put these words from the water treatment process in order.

MATCH THE IMAGES TO THE SENTENCES It is a landform that you can find on Earth’s crust. The material that it ejects comes from Earth’s mantle.

DECIDE WHICH IS THE ODD ONE OUT. CRUST - CORE - SNOW - MANTLE EUROPE - AMERICA - SPAIN - ASIA

Complete the table CONTINENTS OCEANS A _ _ _ _ _ _ A _ _ _ _ _ A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ocean P _ _ _ _ _ _ Ocean I _ _ _ _ _ Ocean A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ocean A _ _ _ _ _ Ocean

Complete the senteces latitude meridians equator axis The ……………………. divides Earth into two hemispheres: North and South. Earth spins on its ………………….. The ……………………. are the lines of longitude that go from the top to the bottom of Earth. The parallels are lines of …………………… that go around Earth.

Label these cardinal points. Northwest Southeast Northeast Southwest