Scientific Thinking and Processes Notes 11f. Distinguish between hypothesis and theory as scientific terms. 11j. Recognize the issues of statistical variability and the need for controlled tests.

Objectives Identify the different elements of scientific inquiry. Differentiate between theories and hypotheses.

Vocabulary Observation Data Hypothesis Experiment Independent variable Theory

Like all science, biology is a process of inquiry.

Observation Using the senses to study the world; using tools to collect measurements; examining previous research results.

Data Observations recorded during an experiment.

Hypothesis Proposed answer for a scientific question.

Biologists use experiments to test hypotheses.

Experiment Process that tests a hypothesis by collecting information under controlled conditions.

Independent variable Condition or factor that is manipulated by a scientist during an experiment.

Dependent variable Experimental data collected through observation and measurement.

A theory explains a wide range of experimental observations and is supported by a wide range of evidence.

Theory Explanation of things or events based on scientific knowledge resulting from many observations and experiments.