Concentrations of Solutions

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Presentation transcript:

Concentrations of Solutions

Concentration Amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent Describing Concentration ppm, ppb - water contaminants molarity – moles of solute/L of solution molality – moles of solute/kg of solvent % by volume - rubbing alcohol % by mass - medicated creams

Molarity IV solution contains 0.90g NaCl in exactly 100mL of solution. What is the molarity of the solution? M=moles/Liter

Molality 75 g MgCl2 1 mol MgCl2 95.21 g MgCl2 0.25 kg water Find the molality of a solution containing 75 g of MgCl2 in 250 mL of water. 75 g MgCl2 1 mol MgCl2 95.21 g MgCl2 0.25 kg water = 3.2m MgCl2

Dilutions Dilution: reduces the number of moles of solute per unit volume, but the total number of moles of solute in solution doesn’t change. M1V1=M2V2

Dilution Problem How many mL of water are needed to prepare 100.0 mL of 0.400M MgSO4 from 2.00M MgSO4? M1V1=M2V2 M1= 2.00 M V1 = ? M2 = 0.400M V2 = 100.0 mL (2.00M)V2 = (0.400M)(100.0mL) V2 = 20.0mL

Percent Solutions Percent by volume What is the %v/v of ethanol in the final solution when 85 mL of ethanol is diluted to a volume of 250 mL of water?

Percent by Mass Suppose you want 2000g of a solution of glucose in water that has 2.8% (m/m) concentration. How much glucose should you use?