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Solutions.

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Presentation on theme: "Solutions."— Presentation transcript:

1 Solutions

2 Quantitative Expressions of Concentration
Percent by mass Percent by volume Molarity Molality Dilution of solutions

3 Percent by Mass Percent by mass gives the mass of solute per mass units of solution Percent solute=mass of solute x 100% mass of solution Mass of solution = mass of solute + mass of solvent

4 Percent by Mass Problems
Calculate the % by mass of a NaCl solution made by adding 50 g of NaCl to 100 mL of water. Calculate the mass of NaCl contained in 200. g of a 6.00% solution of NaCl A 6.00% solution of NaCl contains 40.0 g of NaCl. Calculate the mass of the solution.

5 Percent by Volume Percent by volume gives the volume of solute per volume units of solution Percent solute=volume of solute x 100% volume of solution volume of solution = volume of solute + volume of solvent

6 Percent by Volume Problems
What is the % by volume of a solution that is made by adding 25 mL of acetone to 100 mL of water? A 6% solution of vinegar contains 3.0 mL of HC2H3O2. Calculate the volume of water that was added.

7 Molarity Molarity-the moles of solute pervolume of solution in liters.
M = molarity = moles of solute liters of solution (solution = solvent + solute)

8 A solution of NaCl has a molarity of 1 (1M). What does this mean?
1 mole of NaCl is dissolved in enough water to make 1 L. 1 mole = 58 g NaCl A 1M solution of NaCl contains 58 g of NaCl dissolved in 1 liter of water. How much salt is dissolved in a 2M solution? 116 g How much salt is dissolved in a 6 M solution? 348 g Which is more concentrated?

9 Molarity Problems Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 11.5 g of solid NaOH in enough water to make 1.50 L of solution. Calculate the mass of Ba(OH)2 required to prepare 2.50 L of a M solution of Ba(OH)2.

10 Molality Molality-the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent Molality = moles of solute kilogram of solvent

11 Review What is the molarity? What is the mass percent?
What is the % by volume?

12 Dilution of Solutions Dilution occurs when more solvent is added to a solution without changing the amount of solute that is present. M1V1 = M2V2 For safety purposes when in a lab setting, concentrated solutions of acids and bases are always added slowly to water.

13 Dilution Problems How many mL of 18.0 M H2SO4 are required to prepare 1.00 L of a 0.900 M solution of H2SO4?

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