POSSESSIVE ´S We usually use OF and not ´S before things and places. SINGULAR NOUNS PLURAL NOUNS Add ´s (apostrophe s) Steve´s car. Marissa´s jacket. - If a singular noun ends un an S, just add and apostrophe at the end. Thomas´ car. Add ´ (apostrophe) after the S. Students´classroom (the classroom that belongs to SEVERAL students). We usually use OF and not ´S before things and places. The door of the classroom. The president of the United States.

We use “there” to say something exists. THERE IS THERE ARE PLURAL AFFIRMATIVE There are different places to visit. - NEGATIVE There aren´t any places to visit. - ¿? Are there any places to visit? How many places are there? SINGULAR AFFIRMATIVE There is a nice hotel in the city. - NEGATIVE There isn´t a nice hotel in the city. - ¿? Is there a nice hotel?

Countable & uncountable nouns

Countable nouns They are things that we can count. For example: "pen". We can count pens. We can have one, two, or more pens. For example: dog, cat, animal, man, person bottle, box Countable nouns can be singular or plural: My dog is playing. My dogs are hungry. We can use the indefinite article a/an with SINGULAR countable nouns: A dog is an animal. coin, note, dollar cup, plate, fork table, chair, suitcase, bag

We can use some and any with countable nouns. We use some for affirmative sentences. We use any in negatives and questions. I've got some dollars. Have you got any pens? I don´t have any pens. We can use a few and many with countable nouns: I've got a few dollars. I haven't got many pens.

Uncountable nouns Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot "count" them. We cannot count "milk". We can count "bottles of milk" or "liters of milk", but we cannot count "milk" itself. Here are some more uncountable nouns: music, art, love, happiness advice, information, news furniture, luggage We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular. We use a singular verb. This news is very important. Your luggage looks heavy. rice, sugar, butter, water electricity, gas, power Money

We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with uncountable nouns. We cannot say "an information" or "a music". We can use some and any with uncountable nouns: I've got some money. Have you got any rice? We can use a little and much with uncountable nouns: I've got a little money. I haven't got much rice.

Examples

Making uncountables into countables We can make uncountable nouns into countable by using units of measurement. Unit of measurement + uncountable = Countable noun liter milk Bag beans kilogram Rice cup Tea Box cereal

Nouns that can be countable and uncountable

WH questions in Simple present Wh + do/does + subject + main verb ? question word What does he want? What do you need?

OBJECT PRONOUNS I ME YOU HE HIM SHE HER IT WE US THEY THEM Pronouns = go instead of the name of a person or a noun. Object pronouns = pronouns that go instead of a person or things but are NOT the subject of a sentence. They are the object. They receive the action. Go after the verb.

Where is my camera? I can’t find them/it. Would you please give this to her/she? Please reserve a room for us/we. Here. I’ll give you/yours my umbrella. There’s a message to call he/him.