Cold war: At home

100 Things you should Know about Communism What is communism? A system by which one small group seeks to rule the world. What do communists want? To rule your mind and your body from cradle to grave. Where can a communist be found in everyday life? Look for him in your school, your labor union, your church, or your civic club. —“100 Things You Should Know About Communism in the U.S.A.,” 1951

2nd Red Scare CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)= US vs. KGB (Committee on State Security)= USSR Federal Loyalty Program: President Truman created this to ensure loyalty amongst federal employees House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC): Originally created to prevent Fascism, it quickly became anti-communist Hollywood Ten: 10 directors who refused to answer HUAC’s questions and were jailed and blacklisted Rosenberg Case: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were convicted of selling the Soviets nuclear secrets and were executed

Reds under the bed? Communist Sympathizers: a person who believes in communist ideology but is not a member of the Communist Party Subversion: plot or an action intended to overthrow a government VICTIMS OF 2nd RED SCARE Alger Hiss: State Department official accused of passing secrets to the Soviet Union, that contributed to a growing fear of subversion during the early Cold War; in 1950 a federal grand jury convicted Hiss of perjury, but his guilt in regard to espionage was not proven Julius & Ethel Rosenberg: charged with passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union; the two were sentenced to death and executed in 1953, making them the only American civilians to be put to death for spying during the Cold War

Red Witch hunt Hollywood Ten: Group of actors and directors who refused to cooperate with HUAC’s questioning and were imprisoned and blacklisted Joseph McCarthy: Wisconsin Senator who led the crusade against Communism McCarthyism: practice of publicly accusing people of subversive activities without evidence to back up the charges Army-McCarthy Hearings: Series of legal hearings where McCarthy falsely accused members of the Army for being affiliated with communists

Fighting the Cold War at home Federal Civil Defense Administration: (FCDA) established by Congress in 1951 to plan for civil defense during the arms race by preparing Americans to survive a nuclear attack “Operation Alert” prepared civilians to evacuate cities and take shelter during a nuclear attack Media, film and other industries played on American fears In 1954 the words “under God” were added to combat “Godless communism”