On our way to becoming an American nation The Road to Revolution On our way to becoming an American nation

English Colonial Policy Mercantilism Colonies exist for the overall benefit of the “mother country” Favorable balance of trade Export more than import Increase holding of gold

English Colonial Policy Trade & Navigation Acts Enumerated Commodities -Molasses Act -Hat Act -Woolen Act -Iron Act Result: Attempted to Cut Out Colonial Competition

Salutary Neglect – Babe in the Wilderness Non-interference/Non-enforcement of law Distance Ineffective Tax Commissioners Result: Americans obeyed the laws that helped them; ignored the laws that hurt them.

How Long Did Salutary Neglect Last? 150 Years!! Result: “The American Character” -self-government -self-reliance

Things are About to Change *conflicts handout

Why Things are About to Change The French & Indian War (1754-1763) -Ohio Territory >strategic location >frontier fears -Triggers European war (7 years) Result: Big shift in how Europeans look at America *F/I map

Albany Congress/Albany Plan of Union (1754) Proposed by Benjamin Franklin -Manage Indians -Control Expansion JOIN OR DIE! Rejected! Rejected?

The British Win the French & Indian War – Now What? Treaty of Paris, 1763 >Redraws the map of North America >”England to the Mississippi” Result: huge war debt, how to govern a larger empire

The Price of Victory Colonies no longer required protection from the French England in urgent need of money $$Largest empire since Rome $$Canada $$Continuing fear of France $$English people cannot pay more Result: Change in British Policy>Cost of the Empire…Colonies/England

Reigning in the Colonies

Tightening Control Proclamation of 1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion (Ottawa) Proclamation of 1763 -restricted expansion beyond Appalachians -1st attempt to control the lives of Americans

Stricter Enforcement of British Law -10,000 Redcoats and Hessians -Writs of Assistance

“No taxation without representation” New Taxes >Sugar Act >Stamp Act – DIRECT TAX! -Sons of Liberty Boycotts & More “No taxation without representation”

British Response Declaratory Act – declares British authority Townshend Acts – paper, paint, lead, glass, and tea Quartering Act – *causes HO

The Question of Representation Does Parliament have the authority to pass and enforce laws over the colonies? Great Britain – YES! Virtual Representation Colonies – NO! Actual Representation

Agitation & Protest Boston Massacre 1770

Agitation & Protest Boston Tea Party-1773 Britain’s Response: -Intolerable Acts (AM) Coercive Acts (GB)

1st Continental Congress Philadelphia Olive Branch Petition (can’t we all just get along?)

“Give Me Liberty Or Give Me Death” The Pen & The Voice Thomas Paine The Pen of the Revolution “Common Sense” Patrick Henry The Voice of the Revolution “Give Me Liberty Or Give Me Death” *P/J HO

…And So It Begins Lexington & Concord 1775 2nd Continental Congress The Declaration of Independence, 1776 Thomas Jefferson