Design for Engineering The Universal Systems Model 2006 Greg Heitkamp This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0402616. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author's and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Science Foundation (NSF).

The Universal System Models The four components of the Universal Systems Model are: Input – What is put into the system Output – What comes out of the input and process Process – All the activity that is required and take place to get the desired result. Feedback – The reaction of the input, output and process of a system. Used to reinforce or alter the elements of a system

Transportation example: Sub System Cruise Control Steering Wheel Control Vehicle Speed Signal Cable to Throttle Valve Vacuum Control Valve Input Cruise Control Computer Set speed Process Vacuum Actuator Brake Pedal Switch Clutch Pedal Switch Feedback Throttle Position Sensor Output Throttle Valve Control Speed Allows the Computer to Reset Valve Provides Constant Speed

Communication System E-mail Keyboard Email goes Through Internet Typing Computer Monitor CPU Electricity Process Send email over Internet to receiver's mailbox Input Email E-mail Gets read Not answer Answer Save for later Feedback Receiver decides what to do with e-mail Output Receiver gets E-mail

Construction System Bookcase Wood, Screws, Nails, Glue Hammer, Saw, Clamps, Screw drivers Gluing Plans Materials Sawing Building Tools Process Capital Input Painting Staining Measuring Planning Output Finished Bookcase Waste Right Type Of Wood Feedback Smooth Finish Sawdust Noise Correct Finish Correct Size Sawing Hammering

Medical Stress test Process Input Feedback Output Patient Electrodes measure heart rate X-ray taken Walking On Treadmill Testing Equipment Test Facility Process Input Doctor Nurse Barium Dye injected for X-ray Time for Waiting for test X-ray Technician Feedback Output Patient Gets tired from workout Test Does Not Work Results are good Results are Incomplete Equipment Works to get test results Test Results Are Collected Results Are bad

Standards Addressed Standard 2. Students will develop an understanding of the core concepts of technology. W. Systems thinking applies logic and creativity with appropriate compromises in complex real-life problems. X. Systems, which are the building blocks within larger technological, social, and environmental systems.

Standards Addressed Continued Y. The stability of a technological system is influenced by all of the components of a system, especially those in the feedback loop. Standard 14: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use medical technologies. K. Medical technologies include prevention and rehabilitation, medical and surgical procedures, genetic engineering, and the systems within which is protected and maintained