1. Booch Block diagram for cruise control
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2. Cruise control System on/off- to maintain car speed
Engine on/off- to control car engine (cruise control system is only active if the engine is on.
Pulse from wheel- to send pulse for revolution of the wheel
Accelerator- to indicate how far the acceleration has been pressed
Brake-reverts to manual control when applied.
Increase/Decrease speed-
Resume speed- To resume last maintained speed
Clock- Timing pulse every millisecond
Throttle- Digital value for the engine throttle setting
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3. Cruise control- problem statement Problem definition
Whenever the system is active, determine the desired speed, and control the engine throttle setting to maintain that speed.
i.e
The target speed must be engine throttle setting.
To control the current speed of the vehicle.
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4. Booch’s OOD for cruise control
Clock
wheel
Driver
Current
speed
Brake
Desired
speed
Throttle
Engine
Accelerator
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5. Object view of cruise control
Booch organizes an oo decomposition of the system.
The elements of the decomposition correspond to important quantities and physical entities in the system.
Blobs represent objects, and the lines represent dependencies among objects.
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6. Process control view of cruise control
Computational elements
Process definition-
Process receives throttle setting and turns the car’s wheels.
Control algorithm
Models the current speed from wheel pulses, compares it to the desired speed and changes the throttle setting.
Clock input is needed to determine current speed from the intervals between wheel pulses.
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7. Data elements Controlled variable – Manipulated variable Set point
Current speed of the vehicle
Manipulated variable
Throttle setting
Set point
Desired speed is set and modified by the accelerator input and the increase/decrease speed input.
Sensor for controlled variable
Current state is the current speed, which is modeled on data from a sensor that delivers wheel pulses using clock.
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8. Control Architecture for cruise control
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9. Working.. The controller receives two I/P from set point computation
The active/inactive toggle- whether the controller is in charge of the throttle.
The desired speed-needs to be valid when the vehicle is under automatic control
The controller is continuously evaluating function that matches the dataflow character of t he inputs and outputs.
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10. Additional inputs to cruise control problem
State: System on/off engine on/off, accelerator , brake.
Events: Wheel pulses, increase/decrease speed, resume clock.
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13. Analysis and Discussion
Correspondence between architecture and problem
Methodological implications
First, it should help the designer decide when the architecture is appropriate
2nd should help the designer identify elements of the design and their interactions.
3rd help to identify critical design decisions.
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14. Methodology should provide modifications.
Add a digital speedometer.
Use separate micro computers for current/desired speed and throttle.
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15. Performance: system response to control
On/off control
Proportional control
Proportional plus reset control
Correctness
When software controls a physical system , correctness and safety are critically important.
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16. Three vignettes in mixed style
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18. An interpreter using different idioms for the components
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19. A blackboard globally recast as an interpreter
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