Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food. Heterotrophs are organisms that need to ingest food to obtain energy.

All of the chemical reactions in a cell Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Metabolism All of the chemical reactions in a cell Photosynthesis—light energy from the Sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell Cellular respiration—organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell

ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy ATP releases energy when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken, forming a molecule called adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate group. ATP

Overview of Cellular Respiration Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.3 Cellular Respiration Overview of Cellular Respiration Organisms obtain energy in a process called cellular respiration. The equation for cellular respiration is the opposite of the equation for photosynthesis.

Cellular respiration occurs in two main parts. Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.3 Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration occurs in two main parts. Glycolysis Aerobic respiration

Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.3 Cellular Respiration Glycolysis Glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm through the process of glycolysis. Two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH are formed for each molecule of glucose that is broken down.

Glycolysis has a net result of two ATP and two pyruvate. Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.3 Cellular Respiration Krebs Cycle Glycolysis has a net result of two ATP and two pyruvate. Most of the energy from the glucose is still contained in the pyruvate. The series of reactions in which pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide is called the Krebs cycle.

Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.3 Cellular Respiration The net yield from the Krebs cycle is six CO2 molecules, two ATP, eight NADH, and two FADH2. The Krebs Cycle

Final step in the breakdown of glucose Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.3 Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Final step in the breakdown of glucose Point at which ATP is produced Produces 34 ATP

Anaerobic Respiration Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.3 Cellular Respiration Anaerobic Respiration The anaerobic pathway that follows glycolysis Two main types Lactic acid fermentation Alcohol fermentation Energy in a Cell

Which statement describes the law of conservation of energy? Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Chapter Diagnostic Questions Which statement describes the law of conservation of energy? Energy cannot be converted or destroyed. Energy can be converted and destroyed. Energy can be converted but not destroyed. Energy can be destroyed but not converted. A B C D CDQ 1

In which metabolic process are molecules Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Chapter Diagnostic Questions In which metabolic process are molecules broken down to produce carbon dioxide and water? photosynthesis cellular respiration homeostasis fermentation A B C D CDQ 2

Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 Formative Questions Which law of thermodynamics explains why the ladybug receives the least amount of usable energy? A B the first law of thermodynamics the second law of thermodynamics FQ 1

All of the energy from the food you eat comes from the sun. Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 Formative Questions All of the energy from the food you eat comes from the sun. true false A B FQ 2

Why is cellular respiration a catabolic pathway? Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 Formative Questions Why is cellular respiration a catabolic pathway? Energy is used to form glucose and oxygen. Energy is converted from water to carbon dioxide. Energy that is lost is converted to thermal energy. Energy is released by the breakdown of molecules. A B C D FQ 3

Why is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) such an Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 Formative Questions Why is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) such an important biological molecule? It captures light energy from the sun. It is produced in anabolic pathways. It stores and releases chemical energy. It converts mechanical energy to thermal energy. A B C D FQ 4

Which mechanism of photosynthesis uses Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.2 Formative Questions Which mechanism of photosynthesis uses the movement of hydrogen ions (H+) across a concentration gradient to synthesize ATP? absorption chemiosmosis electron transport C2 pathway A B C D FQ 7

What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration? Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.3 Formative Questions What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration? to make ATP to process H2O to store glucose to deliver oxygen A B C D FQ 9

Which represents the general sequence of cellular respiration? Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.3 Formative Questions Which represents the general sequence of cellular respiration? TCA cycle  chemiosmosis  glycolysis glycolysis  Krebs cycle  electron transport electron absorption  catalysis  phosphorylation aerobic pathway  anaerobic pathway  fermentation A B C D FQ 10

Which stage of cellular respiration is the anaerobic process? Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.3 Formative Questions Which stage of cellular respiration is the anaerobic process? glycolysis Krebs cycle electron transport A B C FQ 11

CoA CO2 FADH2 NADH Which molecule generated by the Krebs Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.3 Formative Questions Which molecule generated by the Krebs cycle is a waste product? CoA CO2 FADH2 NADH A B C D FQ 12

pyruvate is broken down into what compound? Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Chapter Assessment Questions During the Krebs cycle, pyruvate is broken down into what compound? H2O O2 CO CO2 A B C D CAQ 2

Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Chapter Assessment Questions Look at the following figure. Which molecule is released when ATP becomes ADP? phosphate group water molecule ribose sugar energy cells A B C D CAQ 3

What is the final step of cellular respiration? Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Standardized Test Practice What is the final step of cellular respiration? O2 and H+ form H2O. Electrons and H2O generate ATP. C6H12O6 is broken down into CO2. NADH and FADH2 gain electrons. A B C D STP 5

an increased demand for ATP Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Standardized Test Practice What prevents pyruvate from entering the Krebs cycle and instead results in this pathway? a buildup of CO2 a lack of oxygen an excess of glucose an increased demand for ATP A B C D STP 6

Which is not a process that occurs in both Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Standardized Test Practice Which is not a process that occurs in both cellular respiration and glycolysis? chemiosmosis electron transport glycolysis production of G3P A B C D STP 7