An Introduction to European Exploration & Expansion God, Gold, & Glory An Introduction to European Exploration & Expansion

Learning Target 7.72 I can analyze why European countries were motivated to explore, including reasons such as religion, political rivalry, and economic gain.

Introduction 1500s—the Spanish and Portuguese had built empires in the Americas. 1600s—the French, English, and Dutch also began to establish their own settlements.

Motives—The 3 G’s God (religion) Gold (economic gain) religious enthusiasm convert natives to Christianity Gold (economic gain) expand trade - especially spices & precious metals such as gold and silver Profit from other products and cash crops Glory (political rivalry) adventure power national pride

Learning Target 7.71 I can identify the European countries responsible for North American exploration and the modern-day countries in which they settled, including France, Spain, England, Portugal, and the Dutch. Summarize the reasons for the success of these countries in colonization of North and South America.

Reasons for Europeans’ Success Spain had guns, horses, and steel which made them unstoppable. Cash crops and fur trade Diseases from Europe caused the deaths of many Native Americans. African slave labor (which replaced Native American labor in some areas) led to more profit from cash crops.

Exploration, Trade, and Colonization France (1)Canada, (2)Louisiana area along Mississippi River Spain (3)Mexico, (4)Central America, (5)Caribbean Islands, (6)western South America England (7)Eastern United States (13 Colonies) Portugal (8)Brazil, (9)small areas in Africa The Netherlands (10)Guyana (South America), (11)South Africa, (12)islands in Southeast Asia, (13)parts of New York (U.S.)

Exploration and Colonization

Exploration and Colonization 1 13 2 7 3 5 4 10 12 9 8 6 11

Learning Target 7.63 I can explain the origins of modern capitalism, the influence of mercantilism, and the cottage industry; the elements and importance of a market economy in 17th century Europe; the changing international trading and marketing patterns, including their locations on a world map; and the influence of explorers and mapmakers.

Origins of Modern Capitalism Mercantilism Cottage Industry A country’s power depends on its wealth Need to own more gold and silver Must have more exports than imports Should establish colonies to get raw materials which can then be made into products A system for making goods in workers’ homes Merchants hired peasants to make things (especially wool cloth) Thought items could be made faster and better Both systems lead to competition among buyers. This impacts supply and demand (and prices).

Learning Target 7.74 I can examine the impact of Columbian Exchange in the 15th and 16th centuries and the major economic and social effects on each continent.

Columbian Exchange The exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas Europe --> Americas Horses, cattle, & wheat Americas --> Europe Potatoes, cocoa, corn, tomatoes, & tobacco Transformed economic activity

Columbian Exchange