Agenda Warm Up Discussion: Revolutions in Latin America Last Time for Study Guide Time HW: Study for Test NEXT CLASS: Wednesday 3/14

Warm Up AP MC Questions

Latin American Revolution

Colonial Society in Latin America Peninsulares Men born in Spain, able to hold high offices. Creoles Spaniards born in Latin America Led most revolutions Mestizos Mixed descent, European and Indian Mulattos Mixed descent, European and African Indians & Africans Oppressed minority.

Haiti 500,000 Enslaved Africans 1791, Toussaint L’Ouveture emerges as leader in the Haitian Revolution. French attempt to intervene, and L’Ouveture agrees to stop the revolt if slavery is outlawed. 1803- Arrested and dies 10 months later. Haiti wins independence in 1804.

End of Spanish Rule in South America Two major generals begin revolt. Simon Bolivar Venezuela declares independence from Spain in 1811. 1819, surprised the Spanish Army and won, independence gained in 1821.

Jose de San Martin Argentina declares independence from Spain in 1816. Frees Chile by 1817 after marching through the Andes. Martin and Bolivar combine his forces in Peru. Bolivar stays with troops, and in 1824 they declare independence in Peru. San Martin leaves for France

Bolivar San Martin

Mexico 1821 Mexico gains independence from Spain. Indians and Mestizos play a role in the independence movement. Miguel Hidalgo (Priest) makes the first cry for independence in 1810. 60,000 march on Mexico City 1810-1811 Creoles and Spanish army move against lower class Revolution Defeat Miguel Hidalgo’s army in 1811 Firing Squad 1821 Mexico gains independence from Spain.

Brazil Peaceful exchange of power. Petition for Freedom Portuguese King escapes Napoleon’s army by going to Brazil. Dom Pedro takes power, and the Portuguese king agreed to independence.

Impact of Revolution Independence brought an increase in poverty. Lose of social stability Lack of government solidarity Lack of regulated economy A united Latin America collapses and struggles with poverty and upheaval.

Objective Questions for today Who is the major leader of the independence movement in Venezuela? Who would identify as a Peninsulares? Who identifies as a Mestizo? Who identifies as a Creole? Where did Miguel Hidalgo lead his Revolution? How does Napoleon inadvertently aid in several Revolutionary movements in Latin America? Why does Revolution lead to instability in the region? Which independent movement differed from others in the region? Why?