By: Gabriela Robles, Evan Fodor, and David Tang Chapter 3 By: Gabriela Robles, Evan Fodor, and David Tang

What are Migration and Mobility? MIgration- Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location. When one person moves from one state or country to another and stays there for an extended period of time. Ex: Moving from New York City, NY to Los Angeles, CA and staying for your whole life. Image Source: https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/mobility_of_the_population/cb12-240.html

What are Migration and Mobility? Mobility- All types of movement from one place to another. Freely moving in between locations but moving back to your original starting point quickly. Ex: Going on a one week trip to Italy but returning home afterwards. Image Source: http://www.forbes.com/fdc/welcome_mjx.shtml Mobility shown in popular vacation cities.

What is an Intervening Obstacle? Intervening Obstacle- An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration. A factor native to the area that doesn’t allow someone to migrate out of the area. Ex: Mountains or other geographical forms, languages, different cultural customs or laws. Image Source: https://ih-igcse-geography.wikispaces.com/6.1.Urbanisation

What is the US Center of Population? The U.S. Center of Population- Where the most people are clustered and living relative to the entire population of the United States. U.S. Center of Population has always been in the east, and since the first colonies it has been slowly moving west. Ex: Colonies started on the east coast with migration from Europe, Manifest Destiny gradually pushes populations west. http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/geopolitics-united-states-part-1-inevitable-empire#axzz3LvtHhBnT

What is a Brain Drain? Brain Drain- Large scale emigration by talented people. When smart or talented people move from one state or country to another for a work purpose. Ex: Large- scale movement of researchers out of India. Image Source: gulzar05.blogspot.com/2012/10/india-brain-drain-graphic-of-day.html

What are Net-In and Net-Out Migration? Net- In Migration- When the number of immigrants into a place exceeds that of the emigrants, and the net migration is positive. When more people are coming into a place than there are leaving it. Ex: Lebanon has the largest Net-In migration of any country as of 2014. http://debitage.net/humangeography/migration.html

What are Net-In and Net-Out Migration? Net-Out Migration- When the number of emigrants exceeds the number of immigrants and the net migration is negative. When there are more people leaving a country than there are entering it. Ex: In times of war or economic struggle, more people leave countries than enter countries. Syria has the highest Net-Out migration of any country, which is not surprising due to the fact that they are war-torn. http://www.statista.com/chart/1441/the-rising-flow-of-syrian-refugees/

What is Forced Migration? Forced Migration- Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors. Inhabitants of an area being forced out of an area against their will, causing them to become an IDP (Internally Displaced Person). Ex: The Construction of the Three Gorges Dam in China forced people to move out of the immediate area. Image Source: http://chinaperspectives.revues.org/626

What is a Refugee? Refugee- People who are forced to migrate out of their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion. People left homeless and to fend for themselves due to cultural issues in which they have been displaced. Ex: Refugees in Japan after the major tsunami in 2011 caused my the largest fault line slip ever recorded. http://www.un.org/en/events/refugeeday/

Who were the “Boat People”? The Boat People- Refugees that fled Vietnam by boat and ship after the Vietnam War into the U.S.. Vietnamese people seeking refuge and opportunity after war flushed them out of Vietnam. Ex: Vietnamese Refugees Image Source: http://www.vietka.com/Vietnamese_Boat_People/VietnamWar.htm

What are the characteristics of the major waves of migration to the United States? Four major waves of migration into the U.S.: Colonial, 1820-1870, 1880-1920, 1960s-Present. These major waves of immigration are all similar due to the fact that immigrants come from places where there isn’t religious freedom, they are being discriminated against, there is something to gain in America, or their country is in the middle of a war. http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/immigration-united-states-new-economic-social-political-landscapes-legislative-reform

What is Counterurbanization? Counterurbanization- Net Migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries. Moving from cities to rural, open areas by free will. Ex: The grassy areas of the United States were previously sparsely populated but as populations increase, more and more people find rural life suitable or preferable due to religious belief, such as the Amish, who live off of the land and away from urban areas. teachernas.wordpress.com/ap-human-geography/migration/