SCOTUS CASES FOR AP GOVT

Allowed relocation of Japanese on the West Coast to interment camps during WWII. Based on “Military Urgency”- to protect national security. Korematsu v. U.S., 1944

1896 SCOTUS decision that provided a constitutional justification for segregation by ruling that a Louisiana requiring “equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races was constitutional. Plessy V. Ferguson

Which Supreme Court Case ruled that the National Government had exceeded its power to regulate interstate commerce when it dealt with firearm possession on a school campus. U.S. vs. Lopez 1990

Univ. of California V. Bakke, 1979 Racial quotas are unconstitutional for college acceptance, but allowed race to be used as a “plus factor” in efforts to increase diversity on campuses. Univ. of California V. Bakke, 1979

School-sanctioned prayer in public schools is unconstitutional Engel v. Vitale- 1962

Abington School District v. Schempp - 1963 Struck down Pennsylvania law requiring the reading of a bible passage at the beginning of each day. Abington School District v. Schempp - 1963

If tax $ are used to fund private/religious schools, they must: 1 If tax $ are used to fund private/religious schools, they must: 1. Must have a secular legislative purpose - clear 2. Cannot advance or inhibit religion - clear 3. Cannot foster an excessive government entanglement with religion – vague Lemon vs. Kurtzman, 1971

Applied the 6th Amendment right to counsel (lawyer) to the states. Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963

Ended segregation in public schools. Brown v. Board of Education, 1954

Publishing of the Pentagon Papers was allowed since it did not threaten national security. Prior restraint was not upheld.   New York Times v. U.S., 1971

Women gain right to an abortion in 1st trimester. Roe v. Wade, 1973

Applied the 4th Amendment right against illegal search and seizure to the states. Mapp v. Ohio, 1961

The Supreme Court recognized the freedom of the press rejecting prior restraints on publication. Prior restraint is suppression of publication on the grounds that it might be libelous or harmful. Near v. Minnesota, 1931

New York Times v. Sullivan, 1964 1964 SCOTUS decision establishing that, to win damage suits for libel, public figures must prove that the defamatory statements about them were made with “actual malice” and reckless disregard for the truth. New York Times v. Sullivan, 1964

Ruled that the Bill of Rights didn’t apply to the states. Barron v. Baltimore, 1833

People must be read their right to remain silent when arrested (self-incrimination). Also required police to read suspects their Constitutional Rights when they are arrested. Miranda v. Arizona, 1966

Reynolds v. United States 1878 Upheld federal law prohibiting polygamy even though Reynolds, a Mormon from Utah, claimed that the law limited his religious freedom. Reynolds v. United States 1878

Brown v. Board of Education II, 1955 Involved the statement that desegregation of public schools must happen “with all deliberate speed.” This was interpreted by Southern States as a way to delay integration. Brown v. Board of Education II, 1955

This was the first SCOTUS case to apply any part of the Bill of Rights to the states, holding that freedoms of press and speech are “fundamental person rights and liberties protected by the due process clause of the 14th Amendment from impairment by the states” as well as by the federal government. Gitlow v. New York, 1925

A 1919 SCOTUS decision upholding the conviction of a socialist who urged resistance to the draft during WWI. Justice Holmes declared that government can limit speech if the speech provokes a “clear and present danger” of substantive evils. Schenk v. United States 1919

Which Supreme Court case established that the national government had the authority to regulate interstate commerce? Gibbons vs. Ogden 1824

This SC case established the doctrine of “Judicial Review” that the court had the power to declare a law constitutional or unconstitutional. Marbury vs. Madison - 1803

McCullough vs. Maryland - 1819 This case involves the Supremacy and Necessary and Proper Clauses. SC says Congress has the implied power to create a national bank because of its power over financial matters as expressed in the Constitution. McCullough vs. Maryland - 1819

Dred Scott v. Sanford,1846: The Supreme Court ruled that: Blacks, free or slave, were not citizens and therefore could not sue in the courts. Slaves were property. Dred Scott v. Sanford,1846:

The SCOTUS ruled that same-sex marriage was a fundamental right protected by both the due process clause and equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. Obergefell vs. Hodges, 2015

This case decided that redistricting (attempts to change the way voting districts are delineated) issues present justiciable questions, thus enabling federal courts to intervene in and to decide redistricting cases. Baker vs. Carr, 1962

Griswold v. Connecticut, 1965 The Constitution implies a right to privacy in matters of contraception between married people. Though it doesn’t explicitly protect a general right to privacy, various guarantees within the BOR create penumbras, or zones, establishing a right to privacy. Together, the 1st, 3rd, 4th, and 9th Amendments, create a new constitutional right, the right to privacy in marital relations. Griswold v. Connecticut, 1965

Buckley vs. Valeo, 1976 This SCOTUS Case tested whether the 1st Amendment protects campaign spending. The ruling it upheld the right of state legislatures to limit contributions to campaigns via the 1974 FEC Act (did not violate the 1st Amendment), but not how much one spends of his own money on campaigns. (no corruption possibility here).

1989 SCOTUS Case which struck down a law banning the burning of the American flag on the grounds that such action was symbolic speech protected by the 1st Amendment. Texas v. Johnson, 1989

SCOTUS ruled that the Univ SCOTUS ruled that the Univ. of Michigan’s use of racial preferences violate the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment because it was not narrowly tailored enough to meet the Strict Scrutiny Test. Gratz vs. Bollinger, 2003

Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commission – 2010 A 2010 landmark Supreme Court case that ruled that individuals, corporations, and unions could donate unlimited amounts of money to groups that make independent political expenditures. Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commission – 2010

Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe 2000 Overturned Texas law allowing high school students to read a prayer at athletic events such as football games Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe 2000