Bunyaviridae

The Bunyaviridae and Arenaviridae share several similarities. Both are zoonoses; most of the Bunyaviridae are arboviruses, but the Arenaviridae are not. Many of the viruses from these families cause encephalitis or hemorrhagic disease.

Bunyaviridae A supergroup of at least 200 enveloped, segmented, negative-strand RNA

Bunyaviridae 4 genera Bunyavirus Phlebovirus Nairovirus Hantavirus

Bunyaviridae Most of the Bunyaviridae are arboviruses (arthropod-borne) that are spread by mosquitoes, ticks, or flies and are endemic to the environment of the vector. The hantaviruses are the exception; they are carried by rodents.

Bunyaviridae/some unique features .. Virus can infect humans and arthropods Virus in arthropod can be transmitted to its eggs

Bunyaviridae/Epidemiology Transmission Via arthropods through break in skin At risk: People in habitat of arthropod vector California encephalitis group: campers, forest rangers, woodsmen Season More common in summer Modes of control Elimination of vector or vector’s habitat Avoidence of vector’s habitat

Bunyaviridae/Clinical syndromes Non-specific febrile flu-like illness Encephalitis Hemorrhagic fever Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

Bunyaviridae/Laboratory diagnosis Ab (IgM, or 4x IgG) or Ag by ELISA RT-PCR No specific therapy

Nairovirus Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus; Hemorrhagic fever Insect vector:special tick(Hyalomma) Vertebrate host:Hares, cattle, goats, seabirds

Arenaviruses The arenaviruses include: Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) and hemorrhagic fever viruses, such as the Lassa, Junin, and Machupo viruses. These viruses cause persistent infections in specific rodents and can be transmitted to humans as zoonoses.

Arenaviruses Most arenaviruses, except for the virus that causes LCM, are found in the tropics of Africa and South America. These rodent-borne infections can be prevented by limiting contact with the vector.