Tell if the object is living or nonliving. Let’s Practice Tell if the object is living or nonliving. Nonliving Living Living Nonliving Living Living Living

Let’s learn about the 7 characteristics of life.

1) ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF CELLS A CELL IS THE SMALLEST LIVING UNIT THAT CAN CARRY OUT LIFE PROCESSES.

Single celled (unicellular ) organisms makeup most organisms on Earth. They have everything they need to be self-sufficient.

In multi-cellular organisms, the cells specialize to perform specific functions (bone cells, skin cells, muscle cells, root cells, leaf cells). Smooth muscle Nerve cell Leaf cell Red Blood Cell Yeast cell

2) ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY The SUN is the main source of energy on Earth!!! The Sun makes light that is used by plants!!!!!! What is the name of this process by which plants convert the energy from the sun into food?

Level of organization All living things have different levels of organization Both molecular and cellular

Plants (producers) trap the energy of the Sun and make glucose (sugar) in the process called photosynthesis. Consumers (animals) get their energy from the plants!!!!

3) ALL LIVING THINGS RESPOND TO A STIMULUS (plural-Stimuli) Living things respond to immediate and long-term changes in their environment (shiver when cold, change fur color, plants bend toward light).

Responding to Stimuli a. dogs pant when hot b. pupils dilate in lower light levels c. humans sweat when body gets too hot d. reflexes – touch hot stove, fight/flight

4) ALL LIVING THINGS REPRODUCE Reproduction must occur for a species to survive. Reproduction can be either sexual or asexual.

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION 3 Types of Reproduction 1. Budding – Hydra and Sponge 2. Fragmentation - Starfish 3. Binary Fission – unicellular organisms

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

5) ALL LIVING THINGS GROW AND DEVELOP To grow means to get bigger and to get bigger; more cells must be added. To increase numbers of cells, cell division must occur. Develop means to change into an adult form (mature).

6) ALL LIVING THINGS CHANGE TO FIT THEIR ENVIRONMENT(ADAPT) Organisms must adapt to changes in their environment or risk becoming extinct. Adaptations occur over a very long period of time (millions of years). Movement would be and a way that an organism responds to it environment.

Name some the adaptations of these organisms.

7) ALL LIVING THINGS HAVE DNA. DNA provides instructions for making molecules called proteins. Proteins build cells. DNA carries the genetic material from parent to offspring (heredity).

LET”S PRACTICE!!! Which characteristics of life is being described? Reproduction Cells Adaptation Grow and develop Responses Energy

BELLRINGERS Define: living, dead, nonliving. 2. Give examples of living, nonliving and dead objects. 3. Describe how you would know if an object is living or nonliving? 4. Define: multicellular, unicellular 5. Define: prokaryotic cell, eukaryotic cell 6. Define: taxonomy, classification, kingdom, organism

Bellringer: Give an example of something living, dead and nonliving. * Living organisms must show ALL 7 characteristics of life. *Dead organisms ONCE showed ALL 7 characteristics but now do not. *Nonliving things do not have all 7 characteristics.

Cell Diversity Not all cells are alike Cells differ in size, shape, and function. First lets review the Hierarchical organization of life. http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/1108/1135370/1_2.html

The female egg cell is the largest cell in the body & can be seen without a microscope while bacteria cells are some of the smallest cells & only visible with a microscope. Second, lets look compare the size of many different things. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/scale/

How do Single Celled Organism Grow? In a single-celled organism, the cell increases in size and then will divide and make a replicate copy of itself . This makes new organisms. Cell division is not initiated until the cell had reached a certain size (volume to size ratio) http://www.biologyjunction.com/cell%20%20notes%20bi.htm

Multicellular organism grow by making more cells, not by the cells larger! Who has more cells? Mom or baby?

Why do cell not get larger? Cells need to take in food and put out waste quickly to pass the energy on to other cells or you. If a cell gets larger it must take in more food and putout more waste with would require a larger surface area. The amount of surface area becomes too large to allow materials to enter & leave the cell quickly enough if it grow too big. Cell size is also limited to the amount of cytoplasmic activity that the cell’s nucleus can control