1. What Does it Mean to Be Alive?
The Characteristics of Life

2. Vocabulary
2/27 - autotroph
I can ….
2/27 – describe if a red wolf is a autotroph or heterotroph

3. How would you know if this is living?

4. What characteristics do living creatures have in common?
Properties of Life
What characteristics do living creatures have in common?

5. Nonliving(ABIOTIC) - things do not have all 7 characteristics.
VOCABULARY
Living(BIOTIC) - organisms must have all 7 characteristics of life(living and dead).
Dead – organism once had the 7 characteristics of life but now doesn’t. It is
Considered to be LIVING!!!!
Nonliving(ABIOTIC) - things do not have all 7 characteristics.

6. ROLES IN AN ECOSYSTEM Decomposer Autotroph - producer
Heterotroph – comsumer(omnivore, herbivore, or carnivore – parasite)???
WHERE DOES A SCAVENGER FIT?

7. Roles in Ecosystem - YEAST
Decomposer – break down plant material.
Parasite – Infect plants and animals(ringworm).
Animal disease
Lichens – Mutualistic relationship between a photsynthetic organism and a fungus. Plant makes the energy and fungus breaks down the nutrients in the environment and they share.

8. Life!!! All living things share some basic properties.
Cellular Organization - CELLS
Reproduction – ASEXUAL OR SEXUAL
Metabolism (Obtain and Use Energy)
Homeostasis – MAINTAIN A BALANCE
Heredity - DNA
Responds to a stimulus
Growth and Development
Adapt Through Evolution - adaptations

9. All Living Things are Made Up of Cells
All Living Things are Made Up of Cells
Smallest unit capable of all life functions
Unicellular Organisms
Entire organism is made up of one single cell
Bacteria and protists

10. Unicellular – one celled

11. Multi-cellular Organisms
The organism is made up of many cells
Cells have specialized functions within the organism

12. Multi-cellular

13. In multi-cellular organisms, the cells specialize to perform specific functions(bone cells, skin cells, muscle cells, root cells, leaf cells).
Smooth muscle
Nerve cell
Leaf cell
Red Blood Cell
Yeast cell

14. Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic – Contains a nuclear membrane around their DNA. All kingdoms except archaebacteria and eubacteria!!!!
Prokaryotic – No nuclear membrane – all bacteria

15. Eukaryotic Cell

16. Prokaryotic Cell

17. All Living Things Reproduce
All Living Things Reproduce
Reproduction is the process of producing new organisms of the same type
Asexual Reproduction
A single parent organism reproducing by itself – NO COMBINATION OF SPERM AND EGG!!!!

18. Asexual Reproduction – NO joining of sperm and egg!!!!

19. Sexual reproduction – combination of sperm and egg

20. Sexual Reproduction
Two different parent organisms contribute genetic information
Involves the combination of male and female sex cells

21. All Living Things Obtain and Use Energy
All Living Things Obtain and Use Energy
Living organisms need energy to grow, develop, repair damage, and reproduce

22. Autotrophs(producers) – use the Sun’s energy to make glucose
Autotrophs(producers) – use the Sun’s energy to make glucose!! Produce their own food! PHOTOSYNTHESIS

23. Photosynthesis – process where plants convert Sun’s energy and carbon dioxide into glucose

24. Heterotrophs(consumers) – must consumer food for energy!

25. TYPES OF CONSUMERS HETEROTROPH – consumer AUTOTROPH – producer
DECOMPOSER – breaks down organic material and returns to the earth.

26. All Organisms Maintain Homeostasis
All Organisms Maintain Homeostasis
A stable state of conditions in the body that are necessary for life
Body temperature
Blood volume
pH balance
Water balance

27. Homeostasis
Your body maintains a constant internal and external physical and chemical conditions. Everything is happy!! Goldilocks – Just Right!!!

28. Homeostasis
Dogs pant, you run a fever, sweat, or shiver, cell membranes control amount of water and waste in and out of cell, ETC

29. All Organisms Pass Along Hereditary Traits
All Organisms Pass Along Hereditary Traits
Genes carry hereditary information
Genes are composed of DNA
Heredity is the reason children resemble their parents
Mutations change DNA code and can be passed from generation to generation

30. All Living Things Respond to Their Environment
All Living Things Respond to Their Environment
An example is a plant’s leaves and stems growing toward light
Organisms react to stimuli:
Light
Temperature
Odor
Sound
Gravity
Heat
Water
Pressure

31. ALL LIVING THINGS RESPOND TO A STIMULI
Living things respond to immediate and long-term changes in their environment(shiver when cold, change fur color, bend toward light).

32. Stimulus – something in organism’s environment that causes a response

33. Growth means to get bigger in size
All Living Things Grow
Growth means to get bigger in size

34. ALL LIVING THINGS GROW AND DEVELOP
To grow means to get bigger and to get bigger; more cells must be added.
To increase numbers of cells, cell division must occur.
Develop means to change into an adult(mature).

35. All Living Things Develop
All Living Things Develop
Development involves a change in the physical form or physiological make-up of an organism

36. Development - mature

37. All Living Things Adapt to Their
All Living Things Adapt to Their
Environment Through Evolution
Adaptation
A process that enables organisms to become better suited to their environment
Species obtain adaptations through evolution over great periods of time

38. ALL LIVING THINGS CHANGE TO FIT THEIR ENVIRONMENT(ADAPT)
Organisms must adapt to their changing environment or become extinct.
Adaptations occur over a very long period of time(millions of years).

39. Adaptation – Inherited trait that is passed from parent to offspring that helps an organism survive in its environment

40. An Example of Adaptation
Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and stems to store water and reduce water loss

41. ALL LIVING THINGS HAVE DNA.
DNA provides instructions for making molecules called proteins. Proteins build cells.
DNA carries the genetic material from parent to offspring(heredity).

42. DNA – molecule that stores genetic information