1. Characteristics of Living Things What makes something an organism?

2. Key Words  Organism:  Biotic:  Abiotic:

3. Key Words  Organism: any living thing  Biotic:  Abiotic:

4. Key Words  Organism: any living thing  Biotic: a term used to describe a living or once living thing  Abiotic:

5. Key Words  Organism: any living thing  Biotic: a term used to describe a living or once living thing  Abiotic: a term used to describe something that was never living

6. Characteristics of Living Things

7.  Living things are organized

8. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things are organized  Cell: collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings (cell membrane)

9. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things are organized  Cell: collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings (cell membrane)  Smallest units of an organism that can be considered alive

10. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things are organized.  Cell: collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings (cell membrane)  Smallest units of an organism that can be considered alive  Single cell: unicellular; Many cells: multicellular

11. Cells

12. Characteristics of Living Things

13.  Living things reproduce

14. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things reproduce  Production of new organisms or cells (healing, growing)

15. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things reproduce  Production of new organisms or cells (healing, growing)  Two types:

16. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things reproduce  Production of new organisms or cells (healing, growing)  Two types:  Sexual reproduction: cells from two different parents unite to produce the first cell of the new organism; new mix of genetic material

17. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things reproduce  Production of new organisms or cells (healing, growing)  Two types:  Sexual reproduction: cells from two different parents unite to produce the first cell of the new organism; new mix of genetic material  Asexual reproduction: new organism has a single parent; May result when a piece breaks off from the parent organism or when the parent organism divides in two

18. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things reproduce

19. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things reproduce  Reproduction involves the replication of DNA molecules to pass on hereditary information

20. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things reproduce  Reproduction involves the replication of DNA molecules to pass on hereditary information  This directs the structure of of the cell and its metabolism.

21. Characteristics of Living Things

23.  Living things grow and develop

24. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things grow and develop  Growth: increase in size (cell number)

25. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things grow and develop  Growth: increase in size (cell number)  Development: change in shape and structure of an organism over time

26. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things grow and develop  Growth: increase in size (cell number)  Development: change in shape and structure of an organism over time  Cells go through differentiation to become specialized

27. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things grow and develop  Growth: increase in size (cell number)  Development: change in shape and structure of an organism over time  Cells go through differentiation to become specialized  May include periods of rapid and dramatic change (humans, butterflies, frogs, etc)

28. Characteristics of Living Things

29.  Living things obtain and use materials and energy.

30. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things obtain and use materials and energy.  Metabolism: combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes

31. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things obtain and use materials and energy.  Metabolism: combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes  All organisms take in selected materials from their environment; how they do so varies

32. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things obtain and use materials and energy.  Metabolism: combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes  All organisms take in selected materials from their environment; how they do so varies  Absorb sunlight (photosynthesis)

33. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things obtain and use materials and energy.  Metabolism: combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes  All organisms take in selected materials from their environment; how they do so varies  Absorb sunlight (photosynthesis)  Eat food

34. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things obtain and use materials and energy.  Metabolism: combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes  All organisms take in selected materials from their environment; how they do so varies  Absorb sunlight (photosynthesis)  Eat food  Breathe/respire

35. Characteristics of Living Things

36.  Living things respond to their environment.

37. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things respond to their environment.  Stimulus: signal to which an organism responds

38. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things respond to their environment.  Stimulus: signal to which an organism responds  External: come from the environment outside the organism; ex. Light, temperature (plant roots respond to gravity by growing down)

39. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things respond to their environment.  Stimulus: signal to which an organism responds  External: come from the environment outside the organism; ex. Light, temperature (plant roots respond to gravity by growing down)  Internal: come from the environment inside the organism; ex. Sugar glucose (if it’s low, your body will respond by making you feel hungry)

40. Characteristics of Living Things

41.  Living things maintain a stable internal environment.

42. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things maintain a stable internal environment.  Homeostasis: keeping a stable internal environment

43. Characteristics of Living Things  Living things maintain a stable internal environment.  Homeostasis: keeping a stable internal environment  Ex. When your body temperature goes too low, you shiver; muscle movement creates warmth

44. Characteristics of Living things  Living things have methods for eliminating waste

45. Characteristics of Living things

46.  Living things have methods for eliminating waste  Living things must have a method for eliminating bi- products or waste products

47. Characteristics of Living things  Living things have methods for eliminating waste  Living things must have a method for eliminating bi- products or waste products  Ex. In humans, exhaling, defecation, urination

48. Characteristics of Living things  Living things are adapted.  Adaptations: modifications that make an organism suited to its way of life and environment  Occur through evolution via natural selection  When a new variation arises that allows certain members of the species to capture more resources, these members tend to survive and to have more offspring than the other, unchanged members.  Over time, the new variation becomes more prevalent in the population.

49. Let’s practice…  Our cat had kittens yesterday.  Our dog was much smaller when it was a puppy.  When you look at a piece of a plant leaf under a microscope, you see many smaller divisions.  My children look a lot like their father.

50. Let’s practice…  Our cat had kittens yesterday: Reproduction  Our dog was much smaller when it was a puppy.  When you look at a piece of a plant leaf under a microscope, you see many smaller divisions.  My children look a lot like their father.

51. Let’s practice…  Our cat had kittens yesterday: Reproduction  Our dog was much smaller when it was a puppy. Growth  When you look at a piece of a plant leaf under a microscope, you see many smaller divisions.  My children look a lot like their father.

52. Let’s practice…  Our cat had kittens yesterday: Reproduction  Our dog was much smaller when it was a puppy. Growth  When you look at a piece of a plant leaf under a microscope, you see many smaller divisions. Cells  My children look a lot like their father.

53. Let’s practice…  Our cat had kittens yesterday: Reproduction  Our dog was much smaller when it was a puppy. Growth  When you look at a piece of a plant leaf under a microscope, you see many smaller divisions. Cells  My children look a lot like their father. Genetic code

54. More practice…  I sweat a lot after football practice. It helps me cool down.  My cat ran under the porch when his car pulled into the driveway.  Mrs. Lynch, can I go to the bathroom?  I am always tired after I run a mile.

55. More practice…  I sweat a lot after football practice. It helps me cool down. Homeostasis  My cat ran under the porch when his car pulled into the driveway.  Mrs. Lynch, can I go to the bathroom?  I am always tired after I run a mile.

56. More practice…  I sweat a lot after football practice. It helps me cool down. Homeostasis  My cat ran under the porch when his car pulled into the driveway. Response  Mrs. Lynch, can I go to the bathroom?  I am always tired after I run a mile.

57. More practice…  I sweat a lot after football practice. It helps me cool down. Homeostasis  My cat ran under the porch when his car pulled into the driveway. Response  Mrs. Lynch, can I go to the bathroom? Waste  I am always tired after I run a mile.

58. More practice…  I sweat a lot after football practice. It helps me cool down. Homeostasis  My cat ran under the porch when his car pulled into the driveway. Response  Mrs. Lynch, can I go to the bathroom? Waste  I am always tired after I run a mile. Energy