Bell Ringer Amino Acids Agenda: -Bell Ringer -Protein structure and function notes -Protein Poster Project Bell Ringer What are the building blocks of proteins? How are proteins made? Explain the difference between a monomer and a polymer. Amino Acids DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is translated into amino acid chains which make up proteins Monomer= one molecule Polymer= chain of monomers

Your tests… What does this mean for you?? Highest score = 88% Lowest score = 16% Average = 60% What does this mean for you?? I will give you back your test. You may make corrections IN A DIFFERENT color to earn back points. This is due NEXT class or else your original grade stands!

copyright cmassengale Proteins copyright cmassengale

Proteins (Polypeptides) Amino acids (20 different kinds of aa) bonded together by peptide bonds (polypeptides). Functions of proteins: 1. Transport: hemoglobin 2. Regulatory: hormones 3. Movement: muscles 4. Structural: membranes, hair, nails 5. Enzymes: cellular reactions copyright cmassengale

20 Amino Acid Monomers

Structure of Amino Acids Amino acids have a central carbon with 4 things bonded to it: Amino group Carboxyl group R group Amino group –NH2 Carboxyl group -COOH Hydrogen -H Side groups Side group -R Serine-hydrophillic Leucine -hydrophobic

Question: What elements are found in all proteins? Carbon Oxygen Nitrogen! Hydrogen copyright cmassengale

Proteins (Polypeptides) Four levels of protein structure: A. Primary Structure B. Secondary Structure C. Tertiary Structure D. Quaternary Structure copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Primary Structure Amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds (straight chains) aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 aa5 aa6 Peptide Bonds Amino Acids (aa) copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Secondary Structure 3-dimensional folding arrangement into coils and pleats held together by hydrogen bonds. Two examples: Alpha Helix Beta Pleated Sheet Hydrogen Bonds copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Tertiary Structure Secondary structures bent and folded into a more complex 3-D arrangement of linked polypeptides Alpha Helix Beta Pleated Sheet copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Quaternary Structure Composed of 2 or more “proteins working together” subunits copyright cmassengale

Protein Shape affects its function!! copyright cmassengale

Denaturating Proteins Changes in temperature & pH can denature (unfold) a protein so it no longer works Cooking denatures protein in eggs Milk protein separates into curds & whey when it denatures

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copyright cmassengale Marfan Syndrome genetic disorder that affects the body’s connective tissue Connective tissue is made up of proteins protein that plays a role in Marfan syndrome is called fibrillin-1 caused by a defect (or mutation) in the gene that tells the body how to make fibrillin-1 mutation results in an increase in a protein called transforming growth factor beta, or TGF-β Marfan syndrome can affect many different parts of the body heart, blood vessels, bones, joints, eyes, lungs, skin and nervous system Isaiah Austin http://espn.go.com/nba/draft2014/story/_/id/11119553/former-baylor-star-isaiah-austin-career-ending-medical-condition copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale About 1 in 5,000 people have Marfan syndrome About 3 out of 4 people with Marfan syndrome inherit it some people with Marfan syndrome are the first in their family to have it; when this happens it is called a spontaneous mutation copyright cmassengale

Some signs of Marfan Syndrome Long arms, legs and fingers Tall and thin body type Curved spine Chest sinks in or sticks out Flexible joints Flat feet Crowded teeth Stretch marks on the skin that are not related to weight gain or loss copyright cmassengale

Denaturing Proteins The structure (shape) of a protein determines its function! Change the shape = affect the function! Denature – change the shape of a protein Temperature pH

Protein Poster Project You will be randomly drawing a protein to research We will be going to the computer lab where you will go to my website and download the format for the poster. TYPE DIRECTLY INTO THE FORMAT!

copyright cmassengale Isaiah Austin http://espn.go.com/video/clip?id=11143699 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3RAmHBWVVQo copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Exit Slip: 9.21.2012 What is the building block of a protein? 2. Name one function of a protein in the body. 3. What must you remove from molecules to form them together. copyright cmassengale

What level of folding is seen here?