1. Amino Acids and Proteins
Bonnie Ownley Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology The University of Tennessee, Knoxville

2. Amino Acids Defined - Molecular subunits that make up proteins
Proteins are composed of some combination of 20 naturally occurring amino acids

3. Amino Acids Chemical components Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen
Sulfur (only two amino acids have this element)

4. Amino Acids General structure (except proline) Alpha carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H) bonded to alpha carbon
Carboxyl group (-COOH)
Amino group (+NH3)
R-group (side chain that makes each amino acid unique)

6. E. Generalic, http://glossary.periodni.com/glossary.php?en=alanine
Alanine
E. Generalic,

7. E. Generalic, http://glossary.periodni.com/glossary.php?en=lysine
Lysine
E. Generalic,

8. Proline

9. R-side chain and properties of amino acids
Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic
Basic
Acidic

10. Amino Acids
Properties of amino acids help determine properties of the proteins made from them

11. Proteins
Biological polymers that perform most of the cell’s day-to-day functions

12. Proteins
Composed of linear chains of amino acids (polypeptide) folded into complex 3-D shapes
Some proteins are made of more than one polypeptide chain

13. Functions of Proteins Toxins Enzymes Antibiotics Structural Transport
Regulatory
Storage elements
Hormones (animals)

14. Protein Structure
The primary structure consists of the specific amino acid sequence. The resulting peptide chain can twist into an α-helix, which is one type of secondary structure. This helical segment is incorporated into the tertiary structure of the folded polypeptide chain. The single polypeptide chain is a subunit that constitutes the quaternary structure of a protein, such as hemoglobin that has four polypeptide chains.

15. Secondary structure – Beta-pleated sheet
Protein Structure
Secondary structure – Beta-pleated sheet
The primary structure consists of the specific amino acid sequence. The resulting peptide chain can twist into an α-helix, which is one type of secondary structure. This helical segment is incorporated into the tertiary structure of the folded polypeptide chain. The single polypeptide chain is a subunit that constitutes the quaternary structure of a protein, such as hemoglobin that has four polypeptide chains.