AP World History-----8-29-18 Agenda: Quick Review of Procedures Early Humans discussion Quiz on Friday 1st Essay—We start today! HW: AP Regions, Oceans and Continent May Quiz on, 8-31-18, Read Chapter 2 by 9-5-18, posted on website, Period 1 Short Assessment on 9-11-18

Review Questions (Start answering as soon as you arrive in class)(Some answers can be found on your syllabus sheet)(Answer in Note Book) How do you find out what you missed if you are absent? Will Mr. Kibret accept late work? What is the preferred writing utensil in Mr. Kibrets’ classroom? (Be Specific) What are the 3 categories of grades at BHS? What is more important in Mr. Kibret class? Skills or Facts? Explain

Early Humans to Early Civilizations Chapter 1 – From Human Prehistory to Early Civilizations

With members of your POD discussion the following: (if I do NOT hear and see groups talking about the answers, I will require written responses)(Goal is for everyone to talk!) What were characteristics of early Paleolithic Age? What were characteristics of late Paleolithic Age? Why can the word “revolution” be misleading in Neolithic revolution? What were unique characteristics of Catal Huyuk? What are some of the negatives of civilizations? What do the following words mean: slash and burn, cuneiform, Neolithic revolution, civilization What caused the agricultural revolution?

Paleolithic Age 2 million to 8,000 BCE

Developments of Paleolithic Age 100,000 BCE–humans evolved physically and mentally to the level of today Opposable thumbs & developed brain Paleolithic Achievements Invention of tools & weapons Language Control of fire Art (sculpture, jewelry, and cave paintings) The greatest achievement is the sheer spread of the human species over much of the earth’s surface Humans lived in small bands of hunter-gatherers

Migration 1st 150,000 years were exclusively African Into Eurasia 1st human revolution occurred through the development of culture Characteristics Tools from bones and made grindstones Collection of food, hunting, and fishing Movement occurred during the Ice Age about 20,000 years ago Into Eurasia 1st the Middle East then to Europe about 45,000 years ago

Migration continued... Into Australia Into the Americas More cave painting Central Europeans saw more adaptation to environment Multilayered clothes, bone needles, Female figurines Into Australia About 60,000 years ago Used boats 250 languages---Dreamtime?? Into the Americas Between 30,000 to 15,000 years ago—How?

Migration continued part 3 1st people were the Clovis people They disappeared but not sure why? Mammoths died out! Into the Pacific Biggest waterborne migration From southern China to the Philippines to Madagascar to island through the Pacific

Migration of Humans

Neolithic Revolution Around 10000 BCE, two discoveries revolutionized human society Farming (1st crops were wheat & barley) Herding (1st domesticated animals were goats, pigs, & cattle) Domesticated animals produced a new type of society called Pastoralists Farming & herding allowed for urban development 1st cities emerged in Middle East (Turkey & Jordan) Jericho and Catal Huyuk

Origins of Agriculture

Pastoral Societies Nomadic peoples who herd domesticated animals Move in search of food for their animals Traditionally more stable than hunter-gatherer societies Develop on marginal land apart from areas suitable for agriculture, often semi-arid regions Interact with agricultural societies

Pastoral Societies Many pastoral nomads lived in kin-related bands numbering up to 100 Tribal membership was defined by recognizing a common ancestry among kinship groups Often called Courage Cultures Warlike males bound to each other by ties of personal loyalty tended to dominate these societies Violence between kinship groups limited the ability of clans and tribes to cooperate Most practice a form of animism or shamanism

Early Villages Earliest villages located in the Middle East Population of early villages evolved from the hundreds to the thousands Probably declined due to environmental degradation Top: Artist rendering of the early village of Catal Huyuk; Bottom: statue of a goddess from Catal Huyuk

Life in Early Villages Full-time political and religious figures emerge as community leaders Specialized workers such as toolmakers, miners, and merchants Despite specialization, well-defined social stratification did not exist Farming & specialization of labor led to a decline in the role of women Farming & specialized labor led to increase in technology Pottery, the plow, irrigation, woven textiles, wheeled vehicles

World Population Growth Intensive agriculture caused human population to jump from 5-8 million to 60 to 70 million in 5,000 years

Çatal Hüyük Area covered over 32 acres Largest early settlement. Located in present day southern Turkey Founded around 7000 BCE Houses made of mud bricks and timber Very crowded Area covered over 32 acres

Rise of Civilization 4th Millennium BCE New discoveries transformed permanent settlements into civilizations Bronze Writing First civilization emerged in Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq) c. 3500 BCE