Ancient india

Pretest for india Using the chromebooks, complete the pretest for india Complete the data chart in the pretest area ONLY Data chart is #2 in your binder When done with the pretest, you can begin your Title Page for India Title page is #1 (also complete table of contents so far)

Beginning of Indus River Valley The Indus River Valley Civilization is another phrase used when talking about Anicent India. This cilvilization started about 2500 B.C.E. Along the south-western part of the Indus River. The largest city was Mohenjo-Daro, in present day Pakistan. Settlements stretched all along the river.

Impact of Geography Natural borders (boarder made of land or water) prevented invasion and disease. Mountains Arabian Sea Water from the river fertilized and irrigated crops. Proximity to the river allowed boats to move.

Agriculture The development of widespread irrigation systems provided food. Wheat and barley were primary crops, however rye, peas, cotton, and rice were also grown. Domestication of animals also served as an important tool for cultivation and as a source of food.

Trade The economy depended greatly on trade. Trade was conducted within the civilization as well as with Mesopotamia. Advancement in technology led to carts and early boats that were used as the main method of trade and travel.

Social Structure- Caste System Caste system with four main classes People were born into social classes that could not be changed. Brahmins (priests and the king) Kshatriyas (warriors and aristocrats - rulers) Vaishyas (cultivators, artisans, and merchants) Shudras (peasants and serfs)

Buildings and Structures All houses had access to water and were about the same size Houses had one or two stories Most buildings were made of dry bricks No large monuments or structures Individual buildings for bathing and using the restroom (had an early "sanitation" system) Citadels were used for defense

Tools Weapons Technology Used Bronze, Copper, Iron Used Bronze to make Large Irrigation System Clay Used for Art and Tools Not as advance as Mesopotamia 1st to create measurement and weighing equipment Measuring system and tools for measurement (1st and most accurrate) Arrows were crafted Swords were made Most technology was used to help agriculture Because of isolated geography there was no need for advanced weaponry. Boats and carts were used to help with trade

Religion  Hinduism 1700-1100 B.C.E.  Buddhism 365 B.C.E.

Gender Roles Men worked within their designated caste social class Women were valued because of their ability to produce offspring and nurse When children were old enough, they adopted their parents' role

India vocabulary Complete vocabulary for Ancient India You must have the words, key words highlighted, and a powerpoint with pictures on Classroom You can get a chromebook when you have copied down the words in your binder Item #3 in binder

Vocabulary Subcontinent- a large landmass that is smaller than a continent Monsoon- a strong wind that brings heavy rain to southern Asia in the summer Plateau- a flat area of land that is elevated, or raised, above the land around it Citadel-a fortress built to protect a city Mohenjodaro-one of the first major settlements in ancient India that became a center of the Indus valley civilization Indus valley civilization-an early civilization, known for its advanced culture, that developed in the Indus River valley in India Caste system- a class, or group, in Hindu society Philosophy- a theory or set of values by which one lives; the search for wisdom and knowledge

Ancient india civilization- mohenjodaro The Indus and the Ganges Rivers flow from the Himalayas to the Indian Ocean, bringing water and rich sediment to the river valleys below. The monsoon winds bring seasons of cool, dry air and warm, moist air to South Asia. The monsoon rains provide most of the subcontinent’s rainfall. The Indus Valley civilization was well developed. It had agriculture, advanced cities, and a written language. The Indus Valley people also made technological advances, such as improved drainage systems, during this time. Artifacts and archeological ruins found at two of the civilization’s major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, provide much of the information we have about this time.

Moving to mohenjo-daro You will research Mohenjo-daro by reading 6.1 on Discovery Education (pages 4-6) and take notes in your binder about the positive aspects of living in Mohenjo-daro during this time. Your table will make an advertisement/billboard to attract people to move to Mohenjo-daro Randomly pick color paper in pencil box. That will be your assigned job in the project.

Social Structure in India The Hindu Caste System Social Structure in India

How Caste Shapes Society Definition: A type of social organization/hierarchy in which a person’s occupation and position in life is determined by the circumstances of his birth.

Rigid, hereditary membership into birth caste How Caste Shapes Society Rigid, hereditary membership into birth caste Marriage only among member of same caste Occupation choices restricted Personal contact with other castes restricted Acceptance of fixed place in society

Members of a caste rely on each other for support Caste Systems Benefits Members of a caste rely on each other for support

Caste Systems Benefits Each caste is born out of Brahma (the creator) Brahmins—thinkers/knowers Ksatriya—doers Vaisya—provide food for the belly Sudra—do the work

How One’s Caste is Determined Reincarnation A person is born, lives, dies, and is reborn again many times. Souls are reborn many times until they are pure enough to be with the creator, Brahma Karma A person’s social position in the next life is determined by his conduct in the present life.

How One’s Caste is Determined Dharma Code of behavior or set of moral and ethical rules that govern the conduct of each social class. Each group has a different set of rules to live by. Laws of Manu Hindu book of sacred law Rules and restrictions for daily life

The Four Castes Brahmins – Priests, Teachers, Judges; usually don’t own land therefore need other castes to work the land and provide for them Kshatriyas – Warriors and Rulers (landowners) Vaisyas – Skilled Traders, Merchants, Farmers

Below these four castes are people who belong to no caste The Four Castes Sudras – Unskilled Workers—Laborers and Craft workers Below these four castes are people who belong to no caste Untouchables – Outcastes, Children of God Concept of pollution…the most pure at the top (Brahmins) and the most polluted at the bottom (Untouchables)

Brahmins - Priests Purpose is to help people of other castes fulfill their dharma Perform rituals and observe vows for the sake of others

Responsible for leadership of the people Kshatriyas - Warriors and Rulers Responsible for leadership of the people Often rely on advice from Brahmins

Shopkeepers who sell products (unlike the Shudra who sell services) Vaisyas – Skilled Traders, Merchants Shopkeepers who sell products (unlike the Shudra who sell services)

Sudras – Unskilled Workers Each subgroup of this caste performs a specific service. Jobs include gardeners, potters, and clothes washers

Untouchables - The Outcastes Belong to no caste Expected to do the “dirty” jobs Come in contact with animal skins, dead bodies and human feces Avoid contact with “caste” Indians for fear of “pollution”

Nearpod caste system Nearpod Take notes- #4 in binder

About life in ancient india Life in Ancient India Notes

Gupta accomplishments numeric system in india

Golden Age A time of great prosperity and achievement. Peaceful times allow people to spend time thinking and being creative.

The Rise of the Gupta Empire The Mauryan Empire fell in 187 B.C.E. India broke apart in smaller kingdoms. The smaller kingdoms fought for 500 years. Beginning around 320 C.E. a second great empire arose.

Chandragupta I The Guptas united the northern kingdoms by conquering them through war. Formed alliances through marriage.

Great Achievement in the Gupta Empire Universities Literature Painting Sculpture Metalwork Mathematics Roads

Universities Time of great learning Hindu and Buddhist universities No women were allowed to attend, except for the daughter’s of teachers Hindu universities were designed for the upper classes.

Literature Gupta writers created many types of literary works. They wrote poetry, fables, and folktales, and plays. Hindu law and religion

Painting Gupta empire famous for its beautiful paintings Subjects included deities and other religious topics Paintings were created on long scrolls

Anjanta Cave Murals Murals cover the walls of thirty caves Ancient Buddhist monastery Paintings are done in bright colors like red, purple, and green. Artists made paints from minerals and clay.

Sculpture Sculptors created statues made out of stone, wood, bronze, and terra-cotta clay. Many portrayed Buddhist or Hindu deities.

Metalwork Gupta kings controlled huge mines of gold, copper, and iron. Gold and copper coins honoring Gupta rulers

Ironworks Part of metalworks Iron pillar at a place called Meharauli is an impressive and mysterious examples of their skill. Pillar made of solid iron, stands 25 feet tall, weights 13,000 pounds.

Mathematics Write whole numbers 1-9. Used decimals system to write numbers. Hindu mathematicians were the first to use the zero as a number. Arabic numerals began wish the Indian system of numbers.

Aryanhata Combined math and astronomy. He figured out that a year was exactly 365.258 days long. Calculated the approximate size of the earth. Proposed planets were like balls or spheres. Suggested the earth spins on an axis.

Mathematics Practical Uses Gupta builders used mathematics to design more complex structures.

Roads Gupta rulers encouraged trade by creating a huge system of well built roads. Roads built with care and precision. Signs told travelers where they were. Empire greatly benefitted from trade.

Roads Connected India to China and the lands east of the Mediterranean Sea.

Gupta Empire Research Done? Options to put a cherry on top of the presentation 1. PROOFREAD!! 2. Create a new slide for more information on your topic (more is better!) 3. Create animation to the powerpoint 4. Create a slide for background information. This can be on Asoka or Mauryan Empire. 5. Create a slide to summarize the Golden Age of the Gupta Empire. Submit through Google Classroom- put group member names into private comment and on title page of presentation.