Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria By Dr. Martin O. Eduvie and Dr. O.A. Bamgboye National Water Resources Institute Kaduna, Nigeria Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Introduction In Nigeria, most rural and semi urban communities are dependent on groundwater supplies This makes water well drilling, rig fabrication and borehole supervision popular, very relevant, and profitable Reported cases of borehole failures resulting from inadequate sitting to poor construction which can be attributed to lack of professionalism exhibited by some Hydrogeologists, Drillers, rig fabricators and supervisors or Consultant due to poor or limited capacity Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Need for Capacity Building In view of this, a lot of attention has been given to scaling up capacity development in the drilling sector in the past few years. National Water Resources Institute (NWRI) in institutional assessment to identify capacity gaps in the drilling areas and efforts carried out to improve drilling activities through various training programmes at different levels of drilling industry and provides a guide for achieving better capacity development in the industry towards drilling of sustainable boreholes in the country with improved economic impact. Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

CAPACITY ASSESSMENTS IN THE WATER SECTOR Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

DRY SEASON WATER COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT Collecting turbid water from temporary pools probably infested with guinea worm, SE Nigeria Carrying water from the nearest water source maybe 5 km away at the height of the dry season, SE Nigeria BGS©NERC June 2002 Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

To improve rural water supply and sanitation in Nigeria… NWRI’s activities Establishment of RWSSC Training Research Library and Documentation Services Technical Services Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Project Purpose Overall goal Project Outputs Capacity gaps of RWSSC (NWRI) and RWSS stakeholders at States, LGAs and Community levels are identified Responsive and effective training system (Modules, materials, and facilities, etc.) is developed. Trainers capacity in RWSS is enhanced Trainings are delivered based on a Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle Management of RWSSC is improved Project Purpose Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Centre for Capacity Development (RWSSC) is effectively operated. Overall goal Service delivery of rural water supply and sanitation is improved in Nigeria through capacity development of stakeholders. Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Centre (RWSSC), Functions in the drilling industry Mission To be the hub for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Capacity Development and Information Dissemination in Nigeria Functions Establish and effectively manage the National Water Resources Capacity Building Network Support the production and upgrading of Hydro geological maps Establish a National Water Resources Website accessible to all stakeholders Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Drilling operation at a site Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

OJT of Geophysical survey equipment (resistivity meter) 4th – 6th March Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Table 2: Summary of capacity gaps in the drilling sector Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Strategies for building capacities in the drilling industry Capacity development of Nigerians by the NWRI to manage and develop the drilling industry has been through the following: Regular Courses: These are regular training courses lasting 12 to 24 months duration (Advanced Diploma in Hydrogeology) Short Courses: Skill development training courses for short duration (1 day to 4 months. Eg. Drilling Technology, borehole drilling, design and construction, borehole maintenance and rehabilitation, groundwater geophysical techniques, rig fabrications, handpump installation and maintenance. Outreach Courses: These are demand driven and on-the- job training courses (2 days to 2 weeks)  Project Specific Trainings: Demand driven and integral parts of borehole projects (2 days to 2 weeks) Table 3. Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Project Specific Trainings Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Geophysical surveying – using EM34 equipment at Kabale, Tanzania GROUNDWATER EXPLORATION METHODS Geophysical surveying – using EM34 equipment at Kabale, Tanzania Drilling a borehole for groundwater using a Schramm down the hole hammer system, Tanzania BGS©NERC June 2002 Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Youth/Self Empowerment Courses Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

RECORDING DATA DURING TEST PUMPING BGS©NERC June 2002 © WSP-AF Measuring the discharge rate during a low yielding pumping test at Oju, SE Nigeria Measuring the water level during a pumping test at Mangochi East, Malawi Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Relevant RWSSC courses Geophysical Investigation techniques Borehole Construction and Management Drilling Technology Borehole Drilling Machinery Maintenance Handpump Installation Operation and Maintenance Borehole Rehabilitation and Maintenance Development of Alternative Water Sources – Spring Development, Hand Dug Well and Rainwater Harvesting Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Community Mobilization and Management Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

SP RESISTIVITY GAMMA RAY HOLE CALLIPER HYDROGEOLOGIC INTERPRETATION SN 16” LN 64” Dry Sand some caving Clay, homogeneous Sand, Saline water Clay, Sand streaks Freshwater Sand Clay Sand, Brackish water Idealized Log Chart showing typical Logs and their Hydrogeologic Interpretation Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Trainings Conducted 2011 - 2013 Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Standardization of Water well drilling rigs fabrication The Institute has supported the standardization of water well drilling rigs fabrication locally. Field assessment visits were carried out to most local rig fabrications workshops in different part of Nigeria. It was noted that fabrication of water well drilling rigs locally is an active business in Nigeria. However these fabrications are faced with challenges, such as sourcing rig components particularly power heads, hydraulic pumps, control valves, hydraulic jacks, prime movers, and adequate steel strength for most construction. The Institute is in partnership with the National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure (NASENI) to design, product and test these components Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Rig Fabrication Training (9 months) To support the capacity of our youths on local rig fabrication, Developed training for unemployed Nigerian Youths who have background in science, engineering or technology. The main objective of this programme is to create jobs, reduce poverty and empowers Nigerian youths in line with the transformation agenda of the Federal Government of Nigeria. The locally fabricated rigs will enable government and citizens spend less money on borehole drilling and other water well projects in the country Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Trainings on Rig fabrication cont. The major course contents include: Elements of drilling design and features of drilling rigs; basic geology and fundamentals of Water Well drilling; Hand tools and machine tools; Welding processes and Workshop practice; Material selection and Motion/Power components of rigs; Internal Combustion Engines; Hydraulic and Pneumatic systems; Business Organization and Entrepreneurship; and rig assembly 40 participants have been trained. Presently 15 youths are on the same training at the Institute. Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Continuing Education through subscription to Magazines and Journals National Driller http://www.drilleronline.com Worldwide Drilling Resource http://www.worldwidedrillingresource.com Drilling Today http://www.drillingtoday.com Water Well journal http://www.waterwelljournal.com American Groundwater Trust http://www.agwt.org. Rural Water Supply Network http://www. rwsn.com Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Provision of platform for knowledge sharing The National conference annually organized by the NWRI, other Seminars, Workshops and Symposium Nigeria Association of Hydrogeologist, Nigeria Mining and Geosciences Society and AWDROP organize annual conferences COMEG Annual professional training programmes Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Development of National Codes of Practice for Water Resources Development and Management The Institute has identified the drilling area as priority and have developed a Code of Practice for water well construction in Nigeria that will address the various challenges militating against poor borehole failures in Nigeria Code of Practice for drilling rig fabrication is the next in the drilling sector Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Economic Impact A very vibrant and sustainable drilling industry in Nigeria is expected to increase gains for the individuals that are trained in the drilling skills and reduce borehole failures and increase access to water supply and sanitation facilities for rapid and economic growth of the economy The impacts will also entails more availability of drilling rigs and reduce cost of borehole in general and more people will be served with portable water and good health for overall economic growth of the Nigeria economy. Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

SUMMARY /CONCLUSION The impact of capacity building for the enhancement of the drilling sector has been reported and the benefits outlined. Capacity gaps in the drilling industry has been identified through Institutional Assessment Codes of Practice for Water Well Construction in Nigeria has already been developed and approved. The Institute is currently in the process of developing code of practice for Water Well Rig Fabrication. Finally, the there are substantial economic impact resulting from effective training and research in the drilling – reduced unemployment and economic enhancement Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Borehole logging to produce productive boreholes Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Processes during Drilling, Sample Inspection & Pumping Test Samples inspection Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Recommendations Training and retraining of drillers. All Drillers should continue to develop themselves through re-training programmes on a regular basis. Need for provision of credit facilities. Bank of Industry and other banks should give regular credit facilities at reduce interest rates for Drillers and Rig owners to assist them in procurement of their machinery. Institutionalization of Certificates Issued by the National Water Resources Institute for professional promotion. This will ensure training and retraining Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria

Capacity Enhancement of Water Well Drilling Operators for Economic Impact in Nigeria