Alkanes

Alkanes Hydrocarbons containing only single covalent bonds

Alkanes All hydrocarbons with no multiple bonds end with the suffix -ane Prefix: Alk- any length carbon chain

Organic Prefixes 1 = meth- 6 = hex- 2 = eth- 7 = hept- 3 = prop- 8 = oct- 4 = but- 9 = non- 5 = pent- 10 = dec-

1-Carbon Alkane Methane CH4

2-Carbon Alkane Ethane C2H6 H3C-CH3

3-Carbon Alkane Propane C3H8 H3C-CH2-CH3

4-Carbon Alkane Butane C4H10 H3C-CH2-CH2-CH3 H3C-(CH2)2-CH3

5-Carbon Alkane Pentane C5H12 H3C-(CH2)3-CH3

6-Carbon Alkane Hexane C6H14 H3C-(CH2)4-CH3

7-Carbon Alkane Heptane C7H16 H3C-(CH2)5-CH3

8-Carbon Alkane Octane C8H18 H3C-(CH2)6-CH3

9-Carbon Alkane Nonane C9H20 H3C-(CH2)7-CH3

10-Carbon Alkane Decane C10H22 H3C-(CH2)8-CH3

Drill Name & give the molecular formula for alkanes with 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5 carbons

Alkane Chemical Formula CnH2n+2

Name each of the following: C5H12 C3H8 C8H18

Saturated Hydrocarbon A hydrocarbon with the maximum number of hydrogens possible

All Pure Non-cyclic Alkanes Are saturated hydrocarbons

Carbon Chains Any group of atoms connected in a row is called a chain Any continuous chain hydrocarbon is called a carbon chain

Draw & name a 4 carbon chain

Formula Writing Molecular Formula C4H10

Condensed structural formula, C-C & C-H bonds understood Formula Writing Condensed structural formula, C-C & C-H bonds understood CH3CH2CH2CH3

Condensed structural formula, only C-H bonds understood Formula Writing Condensed structural formula, only C-H bonds understood CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

Condensed structural formula, bonds understood & repeats in () Formula Writing Condensed structural formula, bonds understood & repeats in () CH3(CH2)2CH3

Carbon skeleton, C-H bonds omitted Formula Writing Carbon skeleton, C-H bonds omitted C-C-C-C

Complete structural formula Formula Writing Complete structural formula H H H H H C C C C H

Stick or minimal Structures

Stick Structures Line ends & joints represent carbons Hydrogens understood Others draw

In 2 dimensions we draw bond s as 90o Alkane Shapes In 2 dimensions we draw bond s as 90o The true bond s are 109.5o Tetrahedral in shape

Draw the following Propane octane hexane pentane butane methane heptane ethane

Name the compound on the board

Draw the following 5-butyl-3-ethyl-4-cyclohexyl-,2,2-dimethyl-6-propylnonane

Name the following