Chumbler - Properties of Matter Bell Ringer 9-10-09 Which would be the easiest to hold in your hand a small rock, 100mL of water, or helium from a balloon? Why? Which is the most difficult to hold and why? Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Chapter 3 Section 1 States of Matter Matter can be defined as anything that takes up space, has mass, and has inertia. Chemistry is the study of matter and its interactions. This is an introduction to the most basic categories of matter. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

The Four States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma The most basic classification scheme of matter is based on the states of solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Of these the least discussed in most texts is plasma even though it is the most abundant of all states. 99% of all matter in the universe is plasma. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Classifying the Four Types Classify them based upon… particle arrangement energy of particles distance between particles The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Chumbler - Properties of Matter 1. Solids Particles are tightly packed, very close together, and vibrate about a fixed position Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Chumbler - Properties of Matter Two types of solids: 1. Crystalline – the particles form a regular, repeating pattern. It has a specific melting point. Examples: salt, sugar, snow 2. Amorphous- the particles are not arranged in a regular pattern It may become softer or change into other substances at different temperatures. Examples: plastic, rubber, butter, glass Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Particle Movement Examples Solids Particle Movement Examples Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Chumbler - Properties of Matter 2. Liquids Particles are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another. Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. A liquid can also be called a fluid – “substance that flows” Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Particle Movement Examples Liquids Particle Movement Examples Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Chumbler - Properties of Matter Properties of Liquids Surface tension – is the result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that bring the molecules on the surface closer together. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Chumbler - Properties of Matter Properties of Liquids Viscosity- a liquid’s resistance to flowing High viscosity  flow slowly Ex: Honey Low viscosity  flow quickly Ex: Water Viscosity video Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Chumbler - Properties of Matter 3. Gases Particles are very far apart and move freely. Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Particle Movement Examples Gases Particle Movement Examples Particles of a gas move randomly and must be contained from all surfaces. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Chumbler - Properties of Matter 4. Plasma an ionized gas. a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. In a plasma the electrons have been stripped away from the central nucleus. Therefore, a plasma consists of a sea of ions and electrons and is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. Electrons are separated from their respective nucleus when enough heat is applied. In a controlled thermonuclear fusion research, plasmas are heated to over 100 million degrees. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Chumbler - Properties of Matter Plasma Particles The negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streaming through the positively charged ions (blue). The negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streaming through the positively charged ions (blue). Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Chumbler - Properties of Matter Plasma Examples Plasma can be found in stars, fluorescent light bulbs, Cathode Ray Tubes, neon signs, and lightening. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

Chumbler - Properties of Matter Let’s Review… Chumbler - Properties of Matter

States of Matter The Four States of Matter The Classification and Properties of Matter Depend Upon Microscopic Structure Particle arrangement Particle energy Particle to particle distance The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles. Chumbler - Properties of Matter