Causes and Consequences of the Great War How did Canadians at home respond to the War?

Financing the War Effort $$$$$$$- training, transporting, feeding, equipping and paying soldiers $$$$$$$- build ships, armored vehicles, airplanes and weapons By 1817- $1 million a day Victory Bonds- expected to raise $50 million- actually raised $100 million Income Tax introduced in 1917 (only a temporary tax)

Propaganda Systematic effort to shape people’s beliefs to achieve specific goals Government supported and created Focus was on duty to the country, buying war bonds, working harder, enlisting and changing eating habits

The War Measures Act Government was allowed to pass laws without approval of the parliament- total war- censor the press, force manufacturers and farmers to produce, imprison people without trial Enemy Aliens- 800,000 people were labelled as Enemy Aliens (despite being encouraged to come to Canada pre- 1914)- Austria-Hungary, German, Ukraine Carry identification cards, report to authorities often, and 8500 were sent to internment camps in Alberta Berlin- Kitchener/Waterloo

The War Zone Comes Home Dec. 6 1917- Halifax Explosion Mount Blanc and the Imo- 2400 tones of expolsives 2000 people died, 9000 injured, the rest were homeless See video

Women’s Changing Roles The war effort left many women home to run businesses and work farms and fill in for the jobs of men As soon as the war was over, women were forcibly removed form their jobs 1916 some provinces allowed women to vote in provincial elections 1917- Conscription Crisis- changes the future of women’s political rights Textbook 195

Profiteering Sam Hughes- gave his friend war contracts- wealthy business people- not military people Shell Committee- $170 million- only %5.5 million were produced Shoes The Ross Rifle

Conscription 1916- people were aware of the reality of war Enlistments dropped after the initial adrenaline rush Military Service Act 1917- Many Canadians, especially those with loved ones overseas agreed with it Laurier- outraged, riots in Quebec Ended up making little difference in the war- only 24000 of all overseas fighters were conscripts-yet the consequences of it has been enduring ever since

Conscription and the Vote General Election in 1917- Borden knew conscription made him potentially a target to lose the election Military Voters Act- all members of the military, male and female could now vote Close women relatives of men serving in the armed forces could also vote Also barred conscientious objectors from voting at all “Before you cast your vote, think what the Kaiser would want it to be” By 1918 all women were allowed to vote (other than alien born or aboriginals or Japanese Canadians)