1. World Leaders Canada –PM Robert Borden
Great Britain –PM David Lloyd George
France –PM Georges Clemenceau
Russia –Czar Nicholas II
United States –President Woodrow Wilson
Germany –Kaiser Wilhelm II
Austria-Hungary –Emperor Franz Joseph

2. Who in Canada is willing to join the fight and who is not?
Canada’s Response
Britain still controlled Canada’s foreign policy When Britain declared war on Germany, Canada was included automatically
Canada at war!!!!
Who in Canada is willing to join the fight and who is not?

3. Canada’s Response
Enlistment: 30,000 Canadians enlisted in the first month
Reasons: British patriotism, adventure, honour, travel, a job
Sense of patriotism – English Canadians felt strong sentimental ties to Britain
Feelings of excitement and adventure – many young men viewed war as a “great adventure,” a chance to see the world, and the opportunity to be a hero
French-Canadians: Regulation 17, upset and not willing to join the war
What does this image reveal about Canadian-British ties? What is the purpose? Is it effective?

4. Canada’s Response
Women –nurses or ambulance drivers overseas; working in factories at the ‘home front’
Minorities –at first not allowed to enlist; eventually accepted (Tom Longboat)

5. Canada’s Response
Sam Hughes Minister of Militia and Defense
Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) (For the most part fought as a separate unit)
Hughes set up a training camp at Valcartier, Quebec
Gave manufacturing contracts to friends (war profiteers)
Poor quality equipment and supplies (ex. Ross rifle)
Behind schedule
Fired in 1916
War: brought Canadians together, developed unity/identity

6. Canada’s Response
War Measures Act A law meant to ensure “security, defence, peace, order, and welfare of Canada”
Government did not have to go to parliament for approval
It has immense control over country: Business, transportation, manufacturing, trade, production, etc.
What possible issues do you see as a result of complete government control over society?

7. Canada’s Response
The government had the right to strip ordinary citizens of their civil rights. Mail could be censored and Habeas corpus was suspended.
“Enemy aliens”: recent immigrants from Germany and Austria-Hungary could be deported or imprisoned Carry special ID cards and report regularly to registration officers
Over 8000 held in internment camps
Publications in “enemy” languages banned
Spirit Lake Internment Camp, Quebec
What is your opinion of the War Measures Act? Was it fair? Was it necessary? If Canada was at war today, how it affect you?