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THE CONSCRIPTION CRISIS Recruitment  Canadians needed 20,000 replacements each year  Most of the willing soldiers had already gone to war  Farmers.

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Presentation on theme: "THE CONSCRIPTION CRISIS Recruitment  Canadians needed 20,000 replacements each year  Most of the willing soldiers had already gone to war  Farmers."— Presentation transcript:

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2 THE CONSCRIPTION CRISIS

3 Recruitment  Canadians needed 20,000 replacements each year  Most of the willing soldiers had already gone to war  Farmers wanted their sons to stay to help on the farm  Canadiens had little interest in participating in the war

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5 Quebec and Recruiting  Quebec had supported the war in 1914 and many hoped that the war might encourage national unity.  Recruiting in Quebec was difficult because many men married young and were often employed in labour intensive farm jobs.  There were no separate French speaking units until late in the war.

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7 Source of Volunteers in Proportion to Population

8 Native Canadians  Nearly 4,000 of the 11,500 Native Canadians eligible for war service enlisted. Native CanadiansNative Canadians  They were much sought after for their skills as infantry and snipers.  Johnny Norwest, a Cree sniper, personally killed 115 of the enemy before losing his own life in 1918.

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10 Conscription and The Military Service Act  Mounting casualties forced the government to introduce a conscription bill in 1917.  All men between the ages of twenty and forty-five could now be forced to enlist.  There was widespread opposition to the Military Service Act particularly in Quebec.  Borden was forced to fight the election of 1917 on the issue of conscription.

11 Casualties and Enlistments 1917

12 The Election of 1917  Borden entered the election with a Union Government.  This was a coalition of Conservatives and English speaking Liberals.  Debate on the conscription issue divided Canada.  Borden’s victory was assured by the War Time Elections Act giving votes to female relatives of soldiers and the Military Voters Act which allowed soldiers to vote outside their home ridings.

13 Results of the 1917 Election

14 What was Achieved by the Military Service Act?  404,395 men were called up.  380,510 men applied for exemptions.  In all only 24,000 conscripted men saw service in France.

15 Contributions by Ordinary Canadians  The Canadian Patriotic Fund collected money for soldiers’ families.  The Military Hospitals Commission set up hospitals to care for the wounded.  The YMCA organized canteens and support services for soldiers on leave.  The Red Cross provided humanitarian aid and kept track of wounded soldiers. Red Cross Red Cross

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17 PAYING FOR THE WAR  First World War was, at that time, the most costly conflict in human history  Cost Canada $1 million per day  Canadian government needed sources of revenue to finance the war effort.

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19 “Temporary” Income Tax  Introduced in 1917  Based on how much money earned  Families earning over $3,000/year and individuals earning over $1,500/year had to pay 3% of their income  At the time the average family income was less than $800/year

20 Income Tax (con’t…)  1917  Only 31 130 Canadian paid income tax  1918  Collected $8 million  1919  Collected $13.2 million

21 Financing the War  The costs were enormous and to meet these expenses government introduced a temporary tax on personal income in 1917.  Victory bonds were offered for sale at an interest rate of 5%.  The sale of bonds vastly exceeded expectations and raised $500 million in 1917.

22 Victory Bonds Large sums were raised through the sale of Victory Bonds.

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24 Food  The produce of Canada’s agricultural industry was one her most vital contributions to the war.  Farmers profited from the sale of wheat to war-torn France and Britain.  Over use of soil or grain mining was to help cause the dustbowl conditions of the 1930s.

25 HALIFAX EXPLOSION HALIFAX EXPLOSION  In 1917 war came suddenly and violently to Halifax, a naval port and departure point for overseas convoys.  Ships formed up in Bedford Basin and passed out though the harbour narrows on their way to the open sea.

26 The Halifax Explosion The Halifax Explosion 1917 The Halifax Explosion  The Mont Blanc a French munitions ship collided with the Imo a Norwegian ship in the Narrows.  The resulting explosion destroyed most of the north end of Halifax and killed or injured 11,000 citizens.

27 Halifax After the Explosion

28 Debate -Class will be broken into three different groups -For Conscription -Against Conscription -Mediators: Are to determine the set of criteria that decides which side will win the debate -Ensure Everyone knows their role Each Side is Allowed: -30 second opening/closing statement -2 arguments that are 1 minute each -After each argument, opposing side is given 30 seconds for a rebuttal to argument

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